Male Reproduction Flashcards
Clinical signs associated with testicular torsion?
Anorexia, lethargy
Acute abdomen
Shock and death
What are locations of testicular torsion?
Abdominal
Inguinal
Scrotal
What are surgical diseases of the scrotum??
Trauma Ulcerative dermatitis Sunburn Frostbite Infection/abscess Complications from orchiectomy Neoplasia
If trauma to the scrotum is not amendable to medical treatment, what could you do?
Scrotal ablation
—> incision on each side of base of scrotum
—> leave sufficient tissue
—> electrocautery
—> close in 3 layers
Indications for scrotal ablation ?
Trauma, ulcerative dermatitis, sunburn, frostbite, infection/abscess/neoplasia
Castration of older large breed dog —> reduced dead space and more cosmetic
Your dog has a fracture to the os penis due to trauma. What will you do?
If simple break —> catheterized and conservatively manage
If comminuted fracture —> wire or finer plate
What is the treatment for trauma/strangulation for the penis?
Conservative management
Catheterize if urethral trauma
Penile amputation if necrotic
What are the indications for penile amputation?
Gangrenous penis
Severe urethral trauma
What is the procedure for penile amputation?
Catheterize
Withdraw penis
Create urethrostomy proximal
Tuck stump in SQ
T/F: surgical removal is the primary treatment for TVT
False
- vincristine
How can papilloma, SCC or osteosarcoma be treated surgically?
Surgical resection r partial penile amputations
What paraphimosis?
Inability to retract penis into prepuce
—> leads to congestion, discolouration, and necrosis
What is the etiology of paraphimosis?
Narrow orifice
Shortened prepuce
Trauma
Infection
Priapism
What are treatments for paraphimosis?
If viable tissue —> lubricant and hyperosmolar agents to reduce
If cannot reduce
—> narrow orifice —> preputiotomy
—> short prepuce —> preputial advancement
How is a preputial advancement done?
Two U-shaped incisions at cranial end of prepuce
Advance prepuce by shortening the preputial muscles
What can you do if you have a recurrent/persistant paraphimosis?
Phallopexy —> penis to prepuce pexy
Incision on side of prepuce
Make an incision on dorsal border of the penis and remove 1.5cm strip of mucosa from dorsal prepuce and penis corresponding tissue in the prepuce
If you have paraphimosis that has cause necrotic or gangrenous tissue, how would you treat?
Penile amputation
What is phimosis?
Inability to protrude penis beyond preputial orifice
What is the etiology of phimosis?
Congenital —> distended prepuce
Acquired —> preputial trauma or neoplasia
What is the treatment for phimosis?
Enlarge preputial orifice (fish mouth)
Clinical signs associated with benign prostatic hypertrophy?
Dyschezia
Ribbons like feces
Asymptomatic
What is the diagnosis at treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia?
Radiographs
—> enlarged prostate
—> colorectal compression
US
—> homogenous prostatic enlargement
What is the treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia?
Castration
What is the etiology for prostatitis/abscess?
Ascending urethral infection
Signalment for prostatitis?
Middle age to older
Non castrated
Predisposed to BPH
Most common organism causing prostatitis?
Ecoli
What would you see on blood work that could be caused by prostatic abscess?
Leukocytosis
Increased globulins
US shows..
Heterogenous prostate
Capsular tissue surrounding fluid is pathognomic
What is this?
Prostatic abscess
Treatment for prostatic abscesses?
Mild cases
- > Castration
- > Systemic antibiotics (enrofloxacin / TMS)
How do you treat severe cases of prostatic abcess?
Supportive care
Systemic antibiotics
Prostatic drainage
Castration
What are the prostatic drainage procedures?
Marsupilzation -> create a prostatocutaenous stoma (high complications)
Ventral drainage - penrose drain
Omentalization (best method)
Clinical saints associated with prostatic cysts?
Urinary incontinence and dysuria
Abdominal distention
Diagnosis of prostatic cysts?
Abdominal palpation - mass
Radiographs — caudal abdominal mass
Contrast radiographs - elongated urethra
Ultrasounds- double bladder
FNA
- brown watery fluid
- no microorganisms
Treatment for small prostatic cysts?
Surgical resection
Castration
What is the treatment for large prostatic cysts/ urethral communication ?
Partial resection
Drainage
Omentalization
Castration
Most common type of prostatic neoplasia?
Adenocarcinoma
TCC and SCC
Clinical signs associated with prostatic neoplasia?
Dysuria Hematuria Straining to defecate Ribbon like feces Lameness due to metastasis Large asymmetrical prostate
When is total prostatectomy indicated?
Early neoplasia
Catheterize ureathra, place proximal and distal stay sutures
Ligate blood supply
End to end anastomosis
What are the types of subtotal (partial) prostatectomy?
Extra capsular or intracapsular
