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Histology > Male Reprod > Flashcards

Male Reprod Flashcards

1
Q

What is the route of the spermatic cord?

A

Over the ilium through the inguinal canal into the pelvis.

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2
Q

What is the name of the thick connective tissue covering the testis?

A

Tunica albuginea

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3
Q

Invagination of the ____ creates ____, which contain seminiferous tubules

A

Tunica albuginea; lobules

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4
Q

Where is sperm produced?

A

Seminiferous tubules

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5
Q

Trace the route of a sperm from production to exit of the testis

A

Seminiferous tubule –> straight tubule –> efferent ducts –> epididymis –> vas deferens

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6
Q

Which cells secrete testosterone?

A

Interstitial cells of Leydig

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7
Q

Where are the interstitial cells of Leydig found?

A

Connective tissue between seminiferous tubules

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8
Q

What are the “nurse cells” for developing sperm?

A

Sertoli cells

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9
Q

What are the functions of the Sertoli cells?

A
  1. Exchange of metabolites and removal of waste
  2. Phagocytize abnormal germ cells
  3. Secrete fluid that helps sperm move downstream
  4. Maintain blood-testis border
  5. Secretion of androgen-binding protein and inhibin
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10
Q

What cells secrete androgen-binding protein and what is its function?

A

Sertoli cells; binds testosterone and increases its concentration in seminiferous tubules

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11
Q

What cells secrete Inhibin and what is its function?

A

Sertoli cells; Inhibits FSH from pituitary, which prevents FSH from stimulating secretion of androgen-binding protein

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12
Q

Name the steps in the maturation of sperm

A

Spermatagonia (stem cells) –> Primary spermatocytes –> Secondary spermatocytes –> early spermatids –> Late spermatids (w/ tail)

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13
Q

At what stage of spermatogenesis does the reduction from 2n to n chromosomes occur?

A

Secondary spermatocytes (via meiosis)

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14
Q

How long does spermatogenesis take?

A

74 days

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15
Q

What does the acrosomal vesicle do?

A

Helps with penetration of the zone pellucida

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16
Q

How long do sperm live in the female reproductive system?

A

2-3 days

17
Q

How is the blood-testis barrier formed?

A

By tight junctions between adjacent Sertoli cells

18
Q

What are the two compartments of the blood-testis barrier and what do they contain?

A

Basal compartment: Spermatagonia and early primary spermatocytes
Luminal compartment: Late primary spermatocytes onwards

19
Q

What is the purpose of the blood-testis barrier?

A

Create a special physiological environment for developing sperm; Sperm remains isolated from the immune system

20
Q

What can be found on the epithelium of the efferent ducts and why is it important?

A

Cilia (w/ underlying circular SM layer); Helps propel the sperm onward

21
Q

Where are mature sperm stored?

A

Epididymis

22
Q

How long does the sperm take to move through the duct of the epididymis?

A

6 weeks

23
Q

What two abilities do sperm gain as they travel through the epididymal duct?

A

Ability to move

Ability to fertilize (Remains blocked until they enter female tract)

24
Q

What do the epithelial cells of the epididymal duct do?

A

Reabsorb fluid
Phagocytize residual bodies and degenerating sperm
Secrete substances to aid in sperm maturation

25
Q

What does the seminal vesicle secrete?

A

Alkaline, fructose-rich secretion; substance that aids in clotting of semen

Responsible for 60% of semen volume

26
Q

Where do sperm cells receive citric acid from and how is it utilized?

A

From prostate; used to make ATP

27
Q

What fuels sperm?

A

Fructose

28
Q

What does relaxin do?

A

Enhance sperm motility

29
Q

Why are alkaline secretions important to sperm?

A

Neutralize acidic environment of vagina

30
Q

What do fibrinogen and fibrinolysin do?

A

Fibrinogen: Clots sperm
Fibrinolysin: Liquifies sperm

31
Q

What is the difference in blood flow in the flaccid vs. erect state?

A

Flaccid: All blood via dorsal arteries
Erect: Opening of branches of the deep artery

32
Q

How does Viagra work?

A

Acteylcholine release stimulates NO release. NO causes cGMP production, which in turn leads to SM relaxation and filling of corpora cavernosa.

Also, Viagra inhibits phosphodiesterase, the enzyme that degrades cGMP

Histology (5 decks)

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