Brescia's Belt Buckle

Question 1

What 3 structures make up the portal triad?

Answer 1

Common bile duct, portal vein, common hepatic artery

Question 2

A portal vein is a vessel that carries blood ____

Answer 2

Between two capillary beds

Question 3

A portal canal contains

Answer 3

Portal triad AND lymphatic vessels, nerves, & CT

Question 4

Hepatic blood flow

Answer 4

[Portal V + Hepatic A] –> Sinusoids –> Central V –> Sublobular V –> Hepatic V (to IVC)

Question 5

The classic lobule concept

Answer 5

Six-sided prism w/ a portal canal @ each corner

-Surrounds central vein

Question 6

Hepatocytes are located in ___ of liver

Answer 6

Parenchyma

Question 7

Hepatocyte Functions

Answer 7

Make proteins, involved in storage, metabolism, and waste removal
- Hepatocytes are binucleated

Question 8

T/F: Hepatocytes are capable of regeneration

Answer 8

True

Question 9

How are hepatocytes organized in the classic liver lobule?

Answer 9

Into plates of cells surrounded by sinusoids

Question 10

What liver cells store vitamin A?

Answer 10

Ito (stellate) cells

Question 11

Kupffer cell function?

Answer 11

Macrophages responsible for removing bacteria and damaged red blood cells from blood

Question 12

Where are Kupffer cells located?

Answer 12

In the sinusoids

Question 13

What are sinusoids lined with?

Answer 13

Thin fenestrated epithelium

Question 14

Where is the space of Disse (perisinusoidal space)?

Answer 14

B/t hepatocytes and fenestrated endothelium of sinusoids

Question 15

What is project in to the space of Disse?

Answer 15

Microvilli from basal surface of hepatocytes

Question 16

What cells produce bile?

Answer 16

Hepatocytes

Question 17

What is the biliary pathway?

Answer 17

Canaliculi –> Canal of Hering –> Interlobular bile ducts –> R/L Hepatic duct

Question 18

Blood flow vs bile flow in liver

Answer 18

Blood coming in; Bile going out

Question 19

Liver acinus model is based on

Answer 19

blood flow, metabolism, and pathology

-Based on zones

Question 20

In acinus model, which zone receives best oxygenated blood? Least oxygenated?

Answer 20

Best: zone 1
Least: zone 3

Question 21

Functions of gallbladder (3)

Answer 21

1. Concentrates and stores bile
2. Secretion stimulated by hormones from small intestine
3. Discharge bile in cystic duct (eventually to duodenum)

Question 22

Gallbladder epithelium

Answer 22

simple columnar

Question 23

Special galbladder features**

Answer 23

**NO muscularis mucosae or submucosa

Question 24

2 types of gallstones

Answer 24

Cholesterol and pigment stones

Question 25

How does the gallbladder concentrate bile?

Answer 25

By removal of H2O

Question 26

Exocrine function of pancreas

Answer 26

Secretes enzymes and bicarbonate into ducts

Question 27

Endocrine function of pancreas

Answer 27

Secretion of hormones (insulin, glucagon) into the blood

Question 28

Location of exocrine compartment?

Answer 28

Acinar pancreas

Question 29

Location of endocrine compartment

Answer 29

Islets of Langerhans

Question 30

What type of pancreatic cells contain zymogen granules?

Answer 30

Acini (serous) cells

Question 31

What do zymogen granules contain?

Answer 31

Inactive digestive enzymes which are secreted and activated in the intestine

Question 32

Exocrine duct hierarchy in pancreas

Answer 32

Intercalated –> interlobular –> interlobular –> main pancreatic duct