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Reproduction > Male Physiology > Flashcards

Male Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 primary functions of the testes

A

Production sperm

Production of androgens

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2
Q

Function of epididymis

A

Sperm storage vessel

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3
Q

What is the function of the vas deferens

A

Transport of sperm from the epididymis to the urethra

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4
Q

3 accessory glands in a male

A

Seminal vesicles
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral glands

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5
Q

Do males have all their sperm produce by the time they are born

A

No they continously produce sperm throughout their lives

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6
Q

What is produced in the seminiferous tubules

A

Sperm

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7
Q

What are Sertoli cells

A

Large cells inside the seminiferous tubules that support the production of sperm

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8
Q

Where are Sertoli cells located

A

Inside the seminiferous tubules

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9
Q

Which cells are located in between the seminiferous tubules

A

Leydig (interstitial cells)

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10
Q

What is the function of Leydig cells

A

Production of testosterone

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11
Q

Functions of Sertoli cells

A

Form blood-testis barrier
Isolate haploid 2ndary spermatocytes, spermatids, spermatozoa from immune system (prevents immune attack on sperm)
Also isolate from systemic circulation
Physical movement of developing sperm towards lumen
Provision of nutrients to sperm
Removal of wastes from developing sperm
Removal of excess cytoplasm following cell divisions
Support spermiation

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12
Q

Which gland produces FSH and LH

A

Anterior pituitary gland

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13
Q

What does FSH stimulate in males

A

Production of sperm (spermatogenesis) in the seminiferous tubues

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14
Q

What does LH stimulate in males

A

The production of testosterone in the Leydig cells

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15
Q

What are sperm germ cells called

A

Spermatogonium

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16
Q

What are the 2 possible fates of spermatogonium

A

Can undergo mitosis and continue being a spermatogonium for the rest of reproductive life

Or can undergo meiosis and become primary spermatocyte

17
Q

How many sperm foes each spermatocyte produce?

A

4 sperm

18
Q

What happens to the primary spermatocyte

A

It undergoes Meiosis I becomes 2 secondary spermatocytes

19
Q

What happens to the 2 secondary spermatocytes

A

Each undergoes meiosis II dividing into 2 spermatids

2x2=4 spermatids

20
Q

What is the fate of the 4 spermatids

A

They mature to become sperm cells

21
Q

What is the process of spermatids maturing to become sperm known as

A

Spermiogenesis

22
Q

Where are sperm stored

A

In the epididymis

23
Q

What is the optimum temperature for sperm production

A

32 degrees

24
Q

Which factors help keep sperm at optimum temperature

A

Testes hang out with the body

Arterial blood meets venous blood

25
Q

Explain the counter-current heat exchange in the testes

A

Arterial blood from the testicular artery moves into the epididymis and forms huge networks of capillaries
Meeting venous blood
Arterial blood is then cooled by the venous blood

26
Q

Systemic effects of androgens

A

Deepening voice
Male body hair
Increased in sebaceous gland activity
Protein anabolism

27
Q

CNS effect of androgens

A

Behaviour

Aggressive

28
Q

Hypothalamus effects of androgens

A

Negative feedback

Communicated with Ant PG

29
Q

Penis effects of androgens

A

Erective
Copulatory
Ejaculatory effectiveness

30
Q

What factors affect spermatogenesis

A 
Testis temp
Reduction in gonadotrophins and androgens 
Anabolic steroids 
Trauma 
Auto-immune reaction in men 
Occupation (pesticide, plastic)
Radiation 
Smoking 
Alcohol 
Some anti-hypertensives 
Some anti-depressants 
Chemotherapy
31
Q

Function of the seminal vesicles

A

Secrete viscous fluid containing;
Fructose - food for sperm
Prostaglandins (to stimulate contractions of the female tract)

Reproduction (14 decks)

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