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Extras Flashcards

1
Q

What is menorrhagia

A

Heavy periods

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2
Q

What is dysmenorrhoea

A

Painful periods

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3
Q

What is inter-menstrual bleeding

A

Bleeding between periods

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4
Q

What is Post-coital bleeding

A

Bleeding after intercourse

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5
Q

What is oligomenorrhoea

A

Infrequent periods

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6
Q

What is amenorrhoea

A

Absent periods

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7
Q

Describe grade I placenta praevia

A

Placenta enriches te lover segment of the uterus but not the internal cervical OS

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8
Q

Describe grade II placenta praevia

A

Placenta reaches the internal cervical OS

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9
Q

Describe grade III placenta praevia

A

Placenta eccentrically covers the OS

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10
Q

Describe grade IV placenta praevia

A

Central placenta praaevia

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11
Q

What does Bishops score assess

A

The cervix

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12
Q

What does a high Bishops score indicate

A

A higher indication to perform an amniotomy

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13
Q

When can chorionic villus sampling be carried out?

A

10-14 week

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14
Q

What is the miscarriage risk of chorionic villus sampling

A

1-2%

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15
Q

What is the miscarriage risk of amniocentesis

A

1%

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16
Q

Describe the process of amniocentesis

A

A sample of the amniotic fluid is taken via USS guided

17
Q

When can amniocentesis be carried out?

A

15 weeks onwards

18
Q

Which can be carried out later CVs or amniocentesis?

A

Amniocentesis

19
Q

Which has the higher miscarriage risk out of amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling

A

CVS

20
Q

Describe the procedure of chorionic villus sampling

A

Sample of the placenta is taken and tested

21
Q

What are the 2 types of fetal diagnostic tests

A

CVS

Amniocentesis

22
Q

What are the 2 tablets given in TOP

A

Mifepristone

Prostaglandin

23
Q

What is the role of Mifepristone in TOP

A

Switches of pregnancy hormones

24
Q

What is the role of Prostaglandin in TOP

A

Initiates uterine contractions which opens the cervix and expels the pregnancy

25
Q

Complications of Top

A

Failure of TOP
Haemorrhage
Infection
Prolonged bleeding

26
Q

Hows are the pills given in TOP

A

1st pills is given at a clinic

2nd pill given to take away at home or in hospital 48hrs later

27
Q

What is oligozoospermia

A

Decreased number of spermatozoa in semen

28
Q

What is aspermia

A

Complete lack of sperm

29
Q

What is hypospermia

A

Reduced seminal volume

Low ejaculate in men

30
Q

What is Azoospermia

A

absence of sperm in semen

31
Q

Potential causes of azoospermia

A 
Absence of vas deferens (CF)
Decreased FSH levels 
Mumps 
Radiation 
Vasectomy 
Anabolic steroid use
32
Q

What is teratospermia

A

Reduced sperm motility

33
Q

What is necrozoospermia

A

All sperm in ejaculate are dead

34
Q

What is normozoospermia

A

Semen analysis result that shows normal values of ll ejaculate parameters

35
Q

Difference between pain in placental abruption and placental praevia

A

Abruption - Pain constant

Praevia - no pain

36
Q

Difference between fetal rate in placenta abruption and placental praevia

A

Abruption - decreased/distressed

Praevia: Usually normal

37
Q

Difference between fetal lie and presentation in placental abruption and placental praevia

A

Abruption - Normal lie and presentation
Praevia - Both may be abnormal
Transverse lie is common

38
Q

Difference between uterus in placenta abruption and placental praevia

A

Abruption - tender, tense uterus

Praevia - uterus not tender

Reproduction (14 decks)

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