Extras Flashcards
What is menorrhagia
Heavy periods
What is dysmenorrhoea
Painful periods
What is inter-menstrual bleeding
Bleeding between periods
What is Post-coital bleeding
Bleeding after intercourse
What is oligomenorrhoea
Infrequent periods
What is amenorrhoea
Absent periods
Describe grade I placenta praevia
Placenta enriches te lover segment of the uterus but not the internal cervical OS
Describe grade II placenta praevia
Placenta reaches the internal cervical OS
Describe grade III placenta praevia
Placenta eccentrically covers the OS
Describe grade IV placenta praevia
Central placenta praaevia
What does Bishops score assess
The cervix
What does a high Bishops score indicate
A higher indication to perform an amniotomy
When can chorionic villus sampling be carried out?
10-14 week
What is the miscarriage risk of chorionic villus sampling
1-2%
What is the miscarriage risk of amniocentesis
1%
Describe the process of amniocentesis
A sample of the amniotic fluid is taken via USS guided
When can amniocentesis be carried out?
15 weeks onwards
Which can be carried out later CVs or amniocentesis?
Amniocentesis
Which has the higher miscarriage risk out of amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling
CVS
Describe the procedure of chorionic villus sampling
Sample of the placenta is taken and tested
What are the 2 types of fetal diagnostic tests
CVS
Amniocentesis
What are the 2 tablets given in TOP
Mifepristone
Prostaglandin
What is the role of Mifepristone in TOP
Switches of pregnancy hormones
What is the role of Prostaglandin in TOP
Initiates uterine contractions which opens the cervix and expels the pregnancy
Complications of Top
Failure of TOP
Haemorrhage
Infection
Prolonged bleeding
Hows are the pills given in TOP
1st pills is given at a clinic
2nd pill given to take away at home or in hospital 48hrs later
What is oligozoospermia
Decreased number of spermatozoa in semen
What is aspermia
Complete lack of sperm
What is hypospermia
Reduced seminal volume
Low ejaculate in men
What is Azoospermia
absence of sperm in semen
Potential causes of azoospermia
Absence of vas deferens (CF) Decreased FSH levels Mumps Radiation Vasectomy Anabolic steroid use
What is teratospermia
Reduced sperm motility
What is necrozoospermia
All sperm in ejaculate are dead
What is normozoospermia
Semen analysis result that shows normal values of ll ejaculate parameters
Difference between pain in placental abruption and placental praevia
Abruption - Pain constant
Praevia - no pain
Difference between fetal rate in placenta abruption and placental praevia
Abruption - decreased/distressed
Praevia: Usually normal
Difference between fetal lie and presentation in placental abruption and placental praevia
Abruption - Normal lie and presentation
Praevia - Both may be abnormal
Transverse lie is common
Difference between uterus in placenta abruption and placental praevia
Abruption - tender, tense uterus
Praevia - uterus not tender
