Male Anatomy Flashcards
what are the male reproductive organs and what are the accessory organs?
male repro organs = testes
accessory = vas deferens, seminal glands, prostate gland and penis
identify the different features of the male lower urinary tract?
what is the most anterior organ in the pelvis?
what lies inferior and posterior to this structure?
most anterior organ = pelvis (lies posterior to pubic bone)
prostate gland lies inferior to bladder and rectum lies posteriorly
what three structures make up the trigone?
2 ureteric orifices
internal urethral orifice
what muscle forms the bladder wall and what does this muscle form around the neck of the male bladder?
detrusor muscle (fibres encircle ureteric orifices and tighten when bladder contracts - prevents reflux of urine)
around neck of male bladder, detrusor muscle forms internal urethral sphincter muscle (contracts during ejaculation to prevent retrograde ejaculation)
outline the development of the testes?
originate on the posterior wall of abdominal cavity but by birth, they have descended into the scrotum through the anterior abdominal wall (inguinal canal)
the tube that sperm pass through follows the testis into the scrotum (the vas deferens)
the vas connects the testis to (almost) the urethra
the spermatic cord is essential in supporting the functioning of the testes, what structures does it contain?
testicular vein and artery
vas deferens
lymphatic vessels
nerves - autonomic (vas deferens), somatic (cremaster muscle)
how many layers of “coverings” are gained as the testis pass through the inguinal canal which forms the spermatic cord?
3
what is the name of the sac in which the testis sit inside the scrotum?
tunica vaginalis
*excess fluid within the tunica vaginalis is called a hydrocele
what is the course of the production of sperm?
produced in seminiferous tubules (temp 1oc below core body temp - dartos muscle helps to control temp)
sperm pass to rete testis
then into head of epididymis
epididymis becomes the vas deferens
where is the epididymis located in relation to the testis?
located at posterior aspect of testis
what structure can be palpated within spermatic cord superior to testis?
vas deferens
where do the testicular arteries arise from?
lateral aspect of abdominal aorta
where do the testicular veins arise from?
left testicular vein to left renal vein
right testicular vein to IVC
identify the seminal glands, ejaculatory ducts and prostate gland on a posterior view of the male reproductive system?
what does the prostate gland surround?
the prostatic urethra
in which zone of the prostate do most cancers arise?
peripheral zone
within the pelvis, what does each vas deferens connect with?
a duct from a seminal gland (produces seminal fluid) to form an ejaculatory duct containing semen (semen = sperm + seminal fluid)
the right and left ejaculatory ducts join within the prostate and drain into the urethra which opens at the external urethral meatus of the penis
what is the process of male sterilisation called?
vasectomy - the vas deferens is transected and its lumen sutured closed (bilaterally)
retraction of the prepuce (foreskin) can constrict the neck of the glans causing the glans to swell - what is this condition called and what is the treatment?
paraphimosis
tx - circumcision
what is the root of the penis attached to laterally?
the ischium of the pelvis
the penis has 3 cylinders of erectile tissue which become engorged with blood at arterial pressure during erection - what are these 3 cyclinders?
corpus cavernosum (right and left) with lie posteriorly and transmit the deep arteries of the penis
corpus spongiosum which lies anteriorly, transmits the spondy urethra and expands distally to form the glans penis
what are the muscles associated with the superficial perineal pouch which contains the root of the penis?
bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus
other than the root of the penis, what else does the superficial perineal pouch contain?
proximal spongy (penile) urethra, superficial transverse perineal muscle and branches of the internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve
*the root of the penis consists of the bulb (corpus spongiosum) and the crura (corpus cavernosum)
describe the blood supply to the penis and scrotum?
blood supply to penis is via deep arteries of the penis which are branches of internal pudendal artery which come from internal iliacs
blood supply to scrotum is via the internal pudendal and branches from external iliacs
describe the lymph drainage from the scrotum & most of penis and also the testes?
scrotum and penis (not glans) = drains to superficial inguinal lymph nodes in the superficial fascia of groin
testes = drains to lumbar nodes (around abdominal aorta)
in the male, what does the superficial perineal pouch (which lies below the perineal membrane) contain?
contains root of penis
- bulb = corpus spongiosum, crura = corpus cavernosum
- associated muscles = bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus
also contains proximal spongy (penile) urethra, superficial transverse penile muscle and branches of internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve
