Malaria stuff

Question 1

Malaria is a parasitic infection caused by the introduction of the protozoan organisms into the blood by the bite of a ……

Answer 1

female anopheles mosquito

Question 2

Life cycle of plasmodium
Female Anopheles mosquito bites human.
_______ injected into human when bitten

Answer 2

Sporozoites

Question 3

Life cycle of plasmodium (malaria parasite)
Sporozoites enter parenchymal cells of liver to become ________.
(a) Development in liver: _______ cycle.
(b) Further development in the liver after RBC invasion: ______ cycle.

Answer 3

schizonts
(a) Pre-erythrocytic
(b) Exoerythrocytic

Question 4

Life cycle of plasmodium (malaria parasite)
Inside parenchymal cells, Schizonts rupture, releasing ________, which then burst out of liver cells to invade RBCs.
(a) Merozoites develop to form immature (ring stage) ______.
(b) Become actively _____.

Answer 4

merozoites
(a) trophozoites
(b) amoeboid

Question 5

When does this happen
Beginning of sexual reproduction - production of zygote

Answer 5

When the Gametocytes are ingested by mosquito

Question 6

All stages of asexual cycle can be demonstrated in a ________ with the exception of ________

Answer 6

peripheral blood smear
P. falciparum

Question 7

types of malaria found in humans
It is observed that the fever cycle corresponds to
the _______ cycle for each of the malaria species

Answer 7

Erythrocytic Schizogony

Question 8

What type of malaria
(a) Erythrocytic cycle (Malignant Tertian): Fever every 48 hours or every 2nd day.
(b) Most Fatal: Likely to cause intravascular hemolysis (destruction of the RBCs).
1) Fever is prolonged and intensified.

Answer 8

Plasmodium Falciparum

Question 9

What type of malaria
(a) Erythrocytic cycle (Benign Tertian): Fever every 48 hours or every 2nd day.
(b) Most common.

Answer 9

Plasmodium Vivax

Question 10

What type of malaria
(a) Erythrocytic cycle (Benign Tertian): Fever every 48 hours or every 2nd day.

Answer 10

Plasmodium Ovale

Question 11

What type of malaria
Erythrocytic cycle (Benign Quartan): Fever every 72 hours or every 3rd day.

Answer 11

Plasmodium Malariae

Question 12

Specimen collection and storage
Capillary Collection
With a lancet, puncture the skin and collect the blood directly into the ________ (included in the test kit).

Answer 12

EDTA capillary tube

Question 13

Specimen collection and storage
Capillary Collection
Fill the entire capillary tube with blood and test _____

Answer 13

immediately

Question 14

How many types of malaria is found in humans?

Answer 14

4

Question 15

Specimen collection and storage: Venous blood
Collect blood into an _____

Answer 15

EDTA tube (purple top)

Question 16

True/false
Specimen collection and storage: Venous blood
Test whole blood as soon as possible after collection

Answer 16

TRUE

Question 17

Specimen collection and storage: Venous blood
The blood sample may be stored for up to _____ days at ________ if cannot be tested immediately

Answer 17

three
2°C to 30°C (36-86°F)

Question 18

Specimen collection and storage: Venous blood
IF blood sample is refrigerated, allow blood sample to reach what temperature prior to performing test?

Answer 18

room
temperature (15-30°C)

Question 19

Rapid Malaria test
What is Tris buffer containing detergent and sodium azide

Answer 19

Reagent A

Question 20

Testing procedure: Priming the Sample (purple) pad
For venipuncture method: Collect ___ microliters of blood sample with a calibrated pipette and place on the sample pad.

Answer 20

15 microliters

Question 21

Testing procedure: Priming the reagent (white) pad
Place ___ drops of Reagent A onto the reagent pad. Allow the first drop to ______ before placing the next drop.

Answer 21

2
absorb

Question 22

Testing procedure: Priming the reagent (white) pad
If the mixture does not run through the whole test strip in a minute, then….

Answer 22

an additional drop of reagent a must be applied

Question 23

Testing procedure: Priming the reagent (white) pad
Read test result through the viewing window at _______. Results are ______ if read after 15 minutes.

Answer 23

15 minutes
invalid

Question 24

Result interpretation
The “C” Control line must appear in order for the test to be _____

Answer 24

valid

Question 25

Result interpretation
T1

Answer 25

Positive for Plasmodium Falciparum

Question 26

Result interpretation
What result will show for: Positive for Plasmodium Vivax, Malariae, or Ovale. May indicatemixed infection of the three malaria parasites.

Answer 26

T2

Question 27

Result interpretation
What will show for Positive for Plasmodium Falciparum and other types of malaria in a mixed infection

Answer 27

T1 and T2

Question 28

Result interpretation
Only the C line

Answer 28

Indicates the test is negative

Question 29

The test is invalid if the _____ does not appear.

Answer 29

Control “C” line

Question 30

TRue/FAlse
Can be used to monitor treatment progress

Answer 30

FALSE
CANNOT

Question 31

False positives results in patients with what conditions?

Answer 31

(a) Rheumatoid arthritis
(b) Chronic viral infections - Hepatitis C
(c) Patient with other blood parasite – Babesia

Question 32

Collect specimen immediately after onset of _____ for best results

Answer 32

fever spike

Question 33

Send unstained smears to the _______ as soon as possible for identification and confirmation.

Answer 33

Navy Environmental and Preventive Medicine
Unit (NEPMU)

Question 34

Smears should be done frequently but no more than ________

Answer 34

hourly

Question 35

Samples must be obtained when patient is _____

Answer 35

Febrile

Question 36

True/false
The test will only detect the antigens

Answer 36

True

Question 37

Rapid Malaria kit Limitations
Must be confirmed with a thick and thin smear for confirmation, sent to

Answer 37

NEPMU

Question 38

All stages of asexual cycle can be demonstrated in a peripheral blood smear with
the exception of

Answer 38

P. falciparum