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ESA2 - Infection > Malaria > Flashcards

Malaria Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four main species of plasmodium?

A

Falciparum, vivax, ovale, malariae

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2
Q

What is the minimum incubation period for malaria?

A

6 days

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3
Q

What could the incubation period be up to for P. falciparum?

A

Up to 6 months

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4
Q

Why could the incubation period P vivax/ovale be up to 1 year+?

A

There is a dormant phase in the liver

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5
Q

What are the symptoms of malaria?

A

Fever, tiredness, vomiting, headaches

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6
Q

What signs/symptoms could be observed in severe faciparum malaria (parasites >2%)?

A

Tachycardia, hypotension, arrhythmias, ARDS, diarrhoea, cerebral malaria, low WCC, thrombocytopenia, metabolic acidosis, hypoglycaemia

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7
Q

How many blood smears must you get to diagnose malaria?

A

3

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8
Q

What investigations are required if malaria is suspected?

A

3 blood smears, FBC, U&Es, LFT, glucose, coagulation, head CT if CNS symptoms, CXR

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9
Q

What treatment is given if malaria is caused by P. faciparum?

A

Artesunate

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10
Q

What treatment is given if malaria is caused by P. vivax, ovale or malariae?

A

Chloroquine and primaquine

primaquine given to treat hypnozoites - liver

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11
Q

How can malaria be prevented?

A

Assess risk, know risk areas
Bite prevention - sprays, nets etc
Chemoprophylaxis

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12
Q

What are 3 examples of anti-malarials?

A

Atovaquone, proguanil, chloroqine

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13
Q

Which blood test needs to be done before commencing treatment with primaquine?

A 
G6PD test
(G6PD deficiency predisposes to haemolysis)
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14
Q

What is the name of the genus of the mosquito that carries malaria?

A

Anopheles mosquito

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15
Q

When the parasites (sporozoites) reach the liver, which receptors do they bind in order to get into hepatocytes?

A

Receptors for the serum proteins thrombospondin and properdin.

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16
Q

Two of the species of parasite, Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale , are able to form latent types that just hang around inside the hepatocytes for long periods. What are these called?

A

Hypnozoites

17
Q

What do the parasites to when in the blood?

A

Bind to surface of RBCs

18
Q

How do the parasites get into RBCs?

A

RBCs rich in glycophorin - contains sialic acid residues

Parastes bear molecule called lectin which binds to sialic acid

19
Q

Which type of RBC do P. vivax and ovale affect?

A

Reticulocytes

20
Q

Which type of RBC does P malariae affect?

A

Normoblasts

21
Q

Why is P falciparum most severe?

A

Affects all ages of RBCs

22
Q

How often does fever occur in malaria caused by P falciparum?

A

Every 3rd day

ESA2 - Infection (12 decks)

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