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ESA2 - Infection > B-haemolytic streptococci > Flashcards

B-haemolytic streptococci Flashcards

1
Q

Are streptococci gram positive or negative?

A

Gram positive

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2
Q

How are streptococci classified?

A

By haemolysis

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3
Q

Which class of streptococci completely break down red blood cells?

A

Beta

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4
Q

What is an example of alpha haemolytic streptococci?

A

Strep pneumoniae

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5
Q

What is an example of beta haemolytic streptococci?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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6
Q

What lancefield group is strep pyogenes?

A

Group A

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7
Q

What are the streptococcus pyogenes virulence factors?

A

Hyaluronic acid capsule, M protein, adhesins, streptolysins O and S, dnases, hyaluronidase, streptokinase, streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins

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8
Q

What is the action of the hyaluronic acid capsule on strep pyogenes?

A

Inhibits phagocytosis by neurophils and macrophages - similar to human connective tissue

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9
Q

What is the action of M protein?

A

Resist phagocytosis by inhibiting activation of alternative complement pathway

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10
Q

What is action of adhesis eg lipoteichoic acid?

A

Adherence

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11
Q

What are the actions of streptolysins O and S?

A

Lysis of erythocytes, neutrophils, platelets

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12
Q

What are the actions of Dnases A, B, C ad D?

A

Degradation of DNA

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13
Q

What is the action of hyaluronidase?

A

Degradation of hyaluronic acid in connective tissue

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14
Q

What is the action of streptokinase?

A

Dissolution of clots through conversion of plasminogen to plasmin

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15
Q

What is the action of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins?

A

Cleaves IgG bound to group A strep

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16
Q

What are some complications of strep pharyngitis?

A

Scarlet fever (due to infection with strep pyrogenic exotoxin strain of s pyogenes)

Peritonsillar cellulitis/abscess

Sinusitis, otitis media, meningitis

Acute rheumatic fever

Acute post-strep glomerulonephritis

17
Q

What are some strep pyogenes skin infections?

A

Impetigo, erysipelas, cellulitis, necrotising fasciitis

18
Q

What causes strep toxic shock syndrome?

A

Entry of group A strep into deeper tissues and bloodstream

Exotoxins stimulate T cells through binding to MHC class II APC and TCR

M protein fibrinogen complex formation

ESA2 - Infection (12 decks)

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