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ESA2 - Infection > HIV > Flashcards

HIV Flashcards

1
Q

How much HIV is present in the UK?

A

1.9/1000

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2
Q

How much HIV is present in Leicester?

A

3.8/1000

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3
Q

What is the average age of diagnosis of HIV?

A

40 y/o

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4
Q

What percentage of people living with HIV don’t know they are infected?

A

17%

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5
Q

What type of virus is HIV?

A

Retrovirus

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6
Q

Which cells are affected by HIV?

A

Cells with CD4+ receptor - T helper lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages

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7
Q

How does the HIV virus infect cells?

in detail

A

1) Binds to CD4 molecule and one of two coreceptors, fuses with cell
2) Virus penetrates cell and empties contents
3) Single strands of viral RNA converted into ds DNA by reverse transcriptase
4) Viral DNA combined with the cell’s own DNA by integrase
5) Long chains of proteins made
6) Immature virus pushes out of the cell, taking some cell membrane with it, breaks free of infected cell
7) Maturation - protein chains in new viral particle are cut by the protease enzyme into individual proteins that combine to make a working virus

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8
Q

How is HIV transmitted?

A

Contact of infected bodily fluids with mucosal tissue/blood/broken skin

(sexual contact, transfusion, contaminated needles, perinatal)

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9
Q

What CD4 count defines AIDS?

A

<200 cells/ul

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10
Q

What is the CD4 count in stage I HIV infection?

A

> 500

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11
Q

What is the CD4 count in stage II HIV infection?

A

<500

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12
Q

What is the CD4 count in stage III HIV infection?

A

<350

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13
Q

What are some symptoms of acute HIV infection?

A

Fever, weight loss, malaise, headache, rash, nausea, hepatosplenomegaly, myalgia

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14
Q

What factors affect HIV transmission?

A

Type of sexual act, viral load in blood, condom use, breaks in skin or mucosa

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15
Q

What tests are used to diagnose HIV?

A

HIV antigen blood test, HIV antibody blood test, PCR, saliva, finger prick

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16
Q

What are some indications for testing for HIV?

A

Pneumonia, TB, meningitis, dementia, severe psoriasis, recurrent shingles, chronic diarrhoea, lymphoma, anal cancer, cervical intrapithelial neoplasia, any STI

17
Q

What are the aims of HIV treatment?

A

Undetectable HIV viral load, reconstitute CD4 count, reduce general inflammation, reduce risk of transmission, good quality of life, normal life span

18
Q

What are used to treat HIV?

A

Anti-retroviral drugs

19
Q

What are some examples of anti-retroviral drugs?

A

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
Protease inhibitor
Integrase inhibitor

20
Q

What can be done to reduce the prevalence of HIV?

A

Increase condom usage, prevention of mother-child transmission, ARV treatment as prevention, medical circumcision, post/pre exposure prophylaxis

21
Q

What do you call the people who are naturally fairly resistant to HIV?

A

Elite controllers

22
Q

True or False

Globally, the majority of new cases with HIV are diagnosed in MSM

A

False

Heterosexual men/women

23
Q

True or False

In the UK, the majority of new cases with HIV are diagnosed in MSM

A

True

24
Q

What is the average life expectancy of people with HIV in the UK?

A

77 years (as normal)

25
Q

What is the risk of acquiring HIV from a needlestick injury from a positive person?

A

1:300

26
Q

What is the global total of people with HIV?

A

37 million

27
Q

What is the UK total of people with HIV?

A

107,800

28
Q

What is a major consequence of HIV if it is left untreated?

A

AIDS

29
Q

Roughly how many people die a year from HIV, globally?

A

1.2 million

30
Q

Roughly how many people die a year from HIV in the UK?

A

320

31
Q

Name 4 opportunistic infections associated with AIDS

A

TB, toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus, pneumocystis pneumonia

ESA2 - Infection (12 decks)

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