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ESA2 - Infection > Hepatitis > Flashcards

Hepatitis Flashcards

1
Q

How many people have hep B, globally?

A

400 million

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2
Q

How many people have hep C, globally?

A

200 million

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3
Q

What is the prevalence of hep B in the UK?

A

1:1000 people

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4
Q

What is the prevalence of hep C in the UK?

A

1:200

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5
Q

What are the possible consequences of hepatitis if left untreated?

A

Liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma

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6
Q

What percentage of people with hep C develop liver cirrhosis as opposed to people with hep B?

A

Hep C - 80% develop it

Hep B - 10% develop it

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7
Q

Define hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver

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8
Q

What are some examples of systemic viruses that cause collateral liver damage?

A

EBV, VZV, CMV

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9
Q

What are hepatitis viruses?

A

Viruses that replicate specifically in hepatocytes (hepatotrophic)

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10
Q

How are hepatitis B and C transmitted?

A

Blood/sex

Also vertical for hep B

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11
Q

What is the incubation period for hep B?

A

6wks to 6mnths

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12
Q

What is the incubation period for hep C?

A

6-12 weeks

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13
Q

What are some features of the hep B virus?

A

Ds DNA

Enveloped

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14
Q

What are some features of the hep C virus?

A

Ss RNA

Enveloped

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15
Q

What is likely to be seen on the LFT results of someone with hepatitis?

A

Raised bilirubin, raised ALT, raised AST, ALP, low albumin, higher PT

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16
Q

Who is most at risk of getting hep B?

A 
Vertical tranmission (75% cases globally)
Sexual contact, people who inject drugs, HCW via needlestick
17
Q

What are the symptoms of acute hep B?

A

Jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, arthralgia

18
Q

How would the AST/ALT levels look in a patient with acute hep B?

A

In 1000s (raised)

19
Q

What is the hepatitis B surface antigen?

A

HBsAg

20
Q

What comes after the hep B surface antigen?

A

HBeAG (e antigen - highly infectious)

21
Q

What is the first antibody to appear in hep B?

A

IgM (HBcAb)

22
Q

What antibody follows IgM in hepatitis B?

A

e antibody

23
Q

What is the last antibody to appear in hepatitis B?

A

Surface antibody

24
Q

What could you look for in hepatitis B serology?

A

HBsAg. HBeAg, HBcAb (IgM, IgG), HBV DNA, HBeAb, HBsAb

25
Q

What is the definition of chronic hep B infection?

A

Persistece of HBsAg after 6 months

26
Q

What percentage of chonic hep B infection leads to cirrhosis and what percentage leads to hepatocellular carcinoma?

A

25% - cirrhosis

around 5% - hepatocellular carcinoma

27
Q

What is included in the hep B vaccine?

A

Genetically engineered surface antigen (3 doses + boosters if required) - produces surface antibody response

28
Q

In acute hep B, what would be present in the blood?

A

HbsAg, HbcAb, HbsAb

29
Q

In a past, cleared hep B infection, what would be present in the blood?

A

No HbsAg
HbcAb (core antibody)
HbsAb (surface antibody)

30
Q

In a chronic hep B infection, what would be present in the blood?

A

HbsAg, HbcAb

No HbsAb

31
Q

In someone who has never been infected with hep B but is vaccinated, what would be present in the blood?

A

No antigen, no core antibody

HbsAb would be

32
Q

What percentage of people with hep C become chronically infected?

A

80%

33
Q

What percentage of people with hep C have no symptoms?

A

80%

34
Q

What are the vague symptoms that some people with hep C get?

A

Fatigue, anorexia, nausea, abdominal pain

35
Q

What is looked for in a blood test for hep C?

A

Anti-hep C antibody

36
Q

What tests can be done to diagnose hep C?

A

Blood test, viral PCR

37
Q

What is the risk of getting Hep C from a needlestick injury?

A

1/30

38
Q

What is the risk of getting Hep B from a needlestick injury?

A

1/3

ESA2 - Infection (12 decks)

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