Hepatitis Flashcards
How many people have hep B, globally?
400 million
How many people have hep C, globally?
200 million
What is the prevalence of hep B in the UK?
1:1000 people
What is the prevalence of hep C in the UK?
1:200
What are the possible consequences of hepatitis if left untreated?
Liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma
What percentage of people with hep C develop liver cirrhosis as opposed to people with hep B?
Hep C - 80% develop it
Hep B - 10% develop it
Define hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver
What are some examples of systemic viruses that cause collateral liver damage?
EBV, VZV, CMV
What are hepatitis viruses?
Viruses that replicate specifically in hepatocytes (hepatotrophic)
How are hepatitis B and C transmitted?
Blood/sex
Also vertical for hep B
What is the incubation period for hep B?
6wks to 6mnths
What is the incubation period for hep C?
6-12 weeks
What are some features of the hep B virus?
Ds DNA
Enveloped
What are some features of the hep C virus?
Ss RNA
Enveloped
What is likely to be seen on the LFT results of someone with hepatitis?
Raised bilirubin, raised ALT, raised AST, ALP, low albumin, higher PT
Who is most at risk of getting hep B?
Vertical tranmission (75% cases globally) Sexual contact, people who inject drugs, HCW via needlestick
What are the symptoms of acute hep B?
Jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, arthralgia
How would the AST/ALT levels look in a patient with acute hep B?
In 1000s (raised)
What is the hepatitis B surface antigen?
HBsAg
What comes after the hep B surface antigen?
HBeAG (e antigen - highly infectious)
What is the first antibody to appear in hep B?
IgM (HBcAb)
What antibody follows IgM in hepatitis B?
e antibody
What is the last antibody to appear in hepatitis B?
Surface antibody
What could you look for in hepatitis B serology?
HBsAg. HBeAg, HBcAb (IgM, IgG), HBV DNA, HBeAb, HBsAb
What is the definition of chronic hep B infection?
Persistece of HBsAg after 6 months
What percentage of chonic hep B infection leads to cirrhosis and what percentage leads to hepatocellular carcinoma?
25% - cirrhosis
around 5% - hepatocellular carcinoma
What is included in the hep B vaccine?
Genetically engineered surface antigen (3 doses + boosters if required) - produces surface antibody response
In acute hep B, what would be present in the blood?
HbsAg, HbcAb, HbsAb
In a past, cleared hep B infection, what would be present in the blood?
No HbsAg
HbcAb (core antibody)
HbsAb (surface antibody)
In a chronic hep B infection, what would be present in the blood?
HbsAg, HbcAb
No HbsAb
In someone who has never been infected with hep B but is vaccinated, what would be present in the blood?
No antigen, no core antibody
HbsAb would be
What percentage of people with hep C become chronically infected?
80%
What percentage of people with hep C have no symptoms?
80%
What are the vague symptoms that some people with hep C get?
Fatigue, anorexia, nausea, abdominal pain
What is looked for in a blood test for hep C?
Anti-hep C antibody
What tests can be done to diagnose hep C?
Blood test, viral PCR
What is the risk of getting Hep C from a needlestick injury?
1/30
What is the risk of getting Hep B from a needlestick injury?
1/3
