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population and environment > Malaria > Flashcards

Malaria Flashcards

1
Q

How much of Uganda were in a malaria outbreak in 2022?

A

During the first half of 2022 more than half the districts in Uganda were in outbreak for more than 10 weeks

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2
Q

How much of Uganda is at risk of Malaria?

A

Over 90%

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3
Q

What percentage of outpatient visits in Uganda are down to malaria?

A

30-50%

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4
Q

What Percentage of hospital emissions are due to malaria?

A

15-20%

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5
Q

In 2022 how many malaria cases were there?

A

Estimated 12.7 million

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6
Q

How many malaria deaths were there in uganda in 2022?

A

17,556

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7
Q

What’s the leading cause of death in Uganda?

A

Malaria

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8
Q

What is done as prevention in Uganda?

A

-Extensive testing on mosquitos
-Future plans- conduct studies on genetically modified mosquitoes

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9
Q

Why is the issue so bad in Uganda?

A

-Inadequate healthcare systems
- Very high malaria transmission intensity
- Inadequate understanding of malaria epidemiology
- Increasing resistance of parasites (mosquitos) to drugs.

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10
Q

Climate links to malaria in Uganda-

A
  • Climate in Uganda offers stable year round malaria transmission with relatively little seasonal variation in most areas
  • temperature around 22.8%
  • more than 23 million people don’t have clean water- stagnant water offers breeding ground for mosquitos
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11
Q

What is malaria?

A

A life threatening disease which is transmitted to humans through bites of infected female mosquitos

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12
Q

What’s the cause of malaria?

A

By a single cell parasite. There are four types of malaria parasite

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13
Q

What are the symptoms of malaria?

A

Chills, sweating, dry cough, nausea, vomiting, spleen enlargement, fever, pack pain, headache

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14
Q

How many people are affected by malaria?

A

A child dies of malaria every two minutes.
2017- estimated 219 million cases of malaria across 87 countries

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15
Q

How much decrease was there in malaria between 2010-2017

A

18%

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16
Q

how does stagnant water influence malaria?

A

mosquitos breed in still bodies of fresh water, so ponds lakes and lagoons see higher incidence of malaria

17
Q

How does seasonal variation influence malaria?

A

The length of a rainy season directly correlates to the length of malaria transmission season

18
Q

how does altitude influence malaria?

A

Mountainous areas have less malaria as the temperature is lower

19
Q

How does temperature influence malaria?

A

Parasites need 16-32° to develop in the mosquito so in tropics and sub tropics when temperatures are this all year, mosquitos thrive all year round

20
Q

how does land use influence malaria?

A

Forested areas have high humidity and provide better breeding grounds

21
Q

How does income influence malaria?

A

Those with higher incomes spend more on prevention methods such as nets and insecticides. Those with lower incomes cannot afford prevention or treatment

22
Q

How does healthcare influence malaria?

A

Living further from hospitals/clinics and expense reduces the likelihood of seeking treatment or purchasing prevention methods

23
Q

Malaria- impacts on health and well-being

A

Malaria is the leading cause of anaemia leading to poor growth and development. Pregnant women experience sever anaemia leading to low birth weight and higher risk of infant mortality.

24
Q

Why are symptoms of malaria so problematic?

A

Malaria burdens local healthcare systems, it also costs Africa around 12 billion per year

25
Q

What is the malaria vaccine?

A

The oxford 4 dose vaccine costs $2-4 per dose and is only 75% effective

26
Q

What are the impacts on economic well-being?

A
  • 40% of public health expenditure
    -30-50% of in patient hospital emissions
    -up to 60% of outpatient health clinic visits
27
Q

How do you diagnose malaria?

A

Malaria can be diagnosed by microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests. Use a blood smear to identify whether parasites are present in the patient. Microscopy is expensive and not all people can afford the treatment

28
Q

How do you prevent malaria?

A
  • Insectide treatment nets
  • mosquito repellants
  • indoor residual spraying
  • Parasites have developed resistance to malaria treatments so a holistic approach is needed

population and environment (5 decks)

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