Making a Medicine Flashcards
What does medicine mean?
Drug delivery system
What is a drug?
Active pharmaceutical ingredient, therapeutic agent
What is does formulation mean?
Recipe for making a medicine from drug, including ingredients and processes
- Purpose of formulation is to enhance therapeutic efficacy and patient safety ensuring delivery at right place and time
What is an excipient?
Ingredient that is not the drug (e.g. preservative)
What is a dosage form?
Physical form of the medicine (e.g. capsule, tablet)
What is Pharmaceutics?
Science of medicine design and manufacture
How are medicine used?
- Tablet & Capsule
- Suppository
- Inhaler
- Contact Lens
- Patch
What are the factors of optical drug delivery formulation?
- Drug properties: solubility, permeability, stability
- Route of Administration : Specificity, local v systemic
- Use and patient need : infants, elderly
How can the formulation enhance the medicine?
- Drug delivery and targeting
- Processability and manufacturability
- Usability & user acceptability
- Stability
How can the formulation be enhanced?
- Excipients
- Medical Devices
What are Lipinski’s rule of 5 for orally active drugs
- Molecular weight : <500
- log P < 5
- H bond donors <5
- H bond acceptors <10
What is log P?
- Determines permeability across membranes : affects formulations, efficacy, safety
Log P = log (concentration in octanol/ concentration in water)
What is the Biopharmaceutics Classfication System (BCS)
- Framework for grouping drugs by solubility and intestinal permeability
- Permeability on x-axis and Solubility on y-axis
What is Solubility and what are its factors?
Maximum amount of substance that can be dissolved in a given medium (solvent)
- Solvent properties
- Solute properties
- Temperature
- Pressure
Why is solubility important?
- Affects drug dissolution and absorption
- Key factor that determines oral bioavailability
- Underpins formulation decisions
- Allow formulation stability to be predicted
