Major Minerals

Question 1

calcium role in bone health

Answer 1

skeleton and teeth hold more than 99% of the body’s calcium
concentration is tightly regulated by hormones (blood calcium)
one of the main minerals in hydroxyapatite (binds to collagen)
calcium deficiency = osteoporosis or penia

Question 1

Calcium dietary sources

Answer 1

dairy
fortified foods
green leafy vegetables
calcium supplements

Question 2

primary functions of phosphorus

Answer 2

component of bone and teeth
component of ATP, creatine phosphate, DNA, RNA, phospholipids, other enzymes and cellular messengers

Question 3

Magnesium primary function

Answer 3

heart and smooth muscle contraction (bp regulation)
contributes to bone structure and mineralization (50% is found in bones)

Question 4

Sodium dietary sources

Answer 4

• processed foods
• restaurant meals
• table salt

Question 5

sodium deficiency

Answer 5

hyponatremia

Question 6

potassium dietary sources

Answer 6

• fruits, vegetables
  meats, dairy, grain, coffee, tea

Question 7

functions of potassium

Answer 7

• may blunt the effects of high salt intake and help keep blood pressure normal
• promote secretion of sodium and water

Question 8

chloride dietary source

Answer 8

table salt

Question 9

chloride primary function

Answer 9

HCL component

Question 10

food sources of minerals, things that influence quantity

Answer 10

agricultural factors
- genetic variations
- mineral composition of animal feed and meds
- mineral content of soil and water

Question 11

bioavailability

Answer 11

• non mineral substances in foods can inhibit absorption
• phytic acid (phytate) = wheat grain, legume, unleavened breads
• oxalic acid (oxalates) = leafy green plants
• polyphenols = tea, dark choc, and wine
• interactions w other minerals creating competition
• physiological need, absorption increases when needs are high, reduce when needs lower

Question 12

HCL

Answer 12

converts some minerals to more bioavailable form

Question 13

compact bone

Answer 13

outer, dense, shell of bone makes up abt 75% of skeletal mass

Question 14

spongy bone

Answer 14

inner hard, spongy network,, minerals move in and out of bone here

Question 15

where is most ca bound to in leafy greens

Answer 15

oxalic acid

Question 16

calmodulin system

Answer 16

calcium

Question 17

calcium too much

Answer 17

risk of developing kidney stones and hypercalcemia

Question 18

potassium intakes in adults

Answer 18

most adults need to increase their potassium intakes

Question 19

potassium deficiency

Answer 19

hypokalemia
can be caused by diuretics

Question 20

hypertension

Answer 20

high p in the arteries damages them
increases risk of heart attack, stroke, dementia, kidney disease, and vision loss

Question 21

DASH diet

Answer 21

high in fruits veg and low fat dairy
low in sat total and cholesterol
rich in magnesium, potassium, cal, and fiber

Question 22

major minerals

Answer 22

sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur