Faat soluble vitamins Flashcards
retinoids
preformed vitamin A
liver, fish oils, fortified dairy products, and eggs
carotenoids
provitamin A: some converted to vitamin A
dark green, yellow, orange, red veggies and fruits
functions of vitamin A
growth and development, cell diff, vision, immune func, derm
vitamin A storage site
liver
vitamin A deficiency signs and symptoms
night blindness, irreversible blindness, follicilar hyperkeratosis, increased risk of death, maternal mortality
vitamin A toxicity
teratongenic - spontaneous aboirtion and birth defects
liver damage
vitamin D activation
- sunlight changes 7-dehydrocholesterol in skin to cholecalciferol
- liver -> kidneys -> calcitriol (active form)
- synthesis regulated by parathyroid hormone and kidneys
vitamin D absorption and bone health
increase absorption of calcium
release Ca and phosphorus from bone
vitamin D deficiency
rickets
ostemalacia “soft bones”
vitamin E dietary sources
plant oils, wheat germ, avocado, almonds, peanuts, sunflower seeds
vitmain E primary function
- apha tocopherol is most active form
- antioxidant, protect lipid membranes
- prevent hemolysis (destruction of RBC)
vitamin E toxicity
- interefere with vit K role in blood clotting -> hemorrhage
population at risk of vit E deficiency
- smokers
- hemolytic anemia
vitamin K sources
- menaquinones (K2) = synthesized by bacteria in colon, fish oils and meats
- phylloquinones (K1) = main dietary form, vegetables, most biologically active
vitamin K function
- enzymes, synthesis of blood clotting factors, metabolism/activation of bone proteins (osteocalcin)
