Major Ideas: Solutions Flashcards
What happens when a solid dissolves?
Particles break away from the solid lattice and mix with the solvent molecules
What is a solution?
Homogenous mixture made from a solute dissolving in a solvent
Rule for predicting solubilities
Like dissolves like
Will a molecule containing H-bonds dissolve in water? Why?
Yes
- new bonds formed between solute and water are also H-bonds
Name 3 things that happen during the formation of a solution regrading the rearrangement of bonds
- bonds between particles in solid(solute) are broken
- bonds between liquid particles are distrusted as SOLUTE particles move between them
- new bonds are formed between solute particles and liquid particles
Name the major factor in determining whether a solution forms
Relatives strengths of bonds that need to be broken and new bonds being formed
Will a non-polar molecule with only dispersion forces dissolve in water?
- why?
No
- hydrogen bonds need to be broken between solvent (water) molecules but only dispersion forces can form between solvent and solute
Will non-polar solutes dissolve in non-polar solvents?
- why?
Yes
- bonds broken between solute and solvent molecules are dispersion forces and the new bonds will hence also be dispersion forces
For polar organic molecules (e.g alcohols):
- what happens to solubility in WATER when the hydrocarbon chain increases?
- what happens to the solubility in a NON-POLAR solvents as the number of polar functional groups in the hydrocarbon increase?
- decrease
- decrease
What happens to the solubility of a polar solute and ionic compound when the POLARITY of the solvent decreases?
- the solubility decreases for both
What happens to the solubility of a non-polar solute when the polarity of the solvent decreases?
- increases
What are ion-dipole forces and how are they formed?
Forces that hold molecules to ions
- ionic solid dissolves in water and then POLAR water molecules are attracted to the positive and negative ions
What are complex ions?
Ions with water molecules attracted to them
What is one mole?
Amount of substance that contains 6.022x10^23 particles of that substance
What is a concentration?
Quantity of solute dissolved in a particular quantity of solution