Major Ideas: Solutions Flashcards

0
Q

What happens when a solid dissolves?

A

Particles break away from the solid lattice and mix with the solvent molecules

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1
Q

What is a solution?

A

Homogenous mixture made from a solute dissolving in a solvent

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2
Q

Rule for predicting solubilities

A

Like dissolves like

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3
Q

Will a molecule containing H-bonds dissolve in water? Why?

A

Yes

- new bonds formed between solute and water are also H-bonds

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4
Q

Name 3 things that happen during the formation of a solution regrading the rearrangement of bonds

A
  • bonds between particles in solid(solute) are broken
  • bonds between liquid particles are distrusted as SOLUTE particles move between them
  • new bonds are formed between solute particles and liquid particles
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5
Q

Name the major factor in determining whether a solution forms

A

Relatives strengths of bonds that need to be broken and new bonds being formed

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6
Q

Will a non-polar molecule with only dispersion forces dissolve in water?
- why?

A

No
- hydrogen bonds need to be broken between solvent (water) molecules but only dispersion forces can form between solvent and solute

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7
Q

Will non-polar solutes dissolve in non-polar solvents?

- why?

A

Yes
- bonds broken between solute and solvent molecules are dispersion forces and the new bonds will hence also be dispersion forces

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8
Q

For polar organic molecules (e.g alcohols):

  • what happens to solubility in WATER when the hydrocarbon chain increases?
  • what happens to the solubility in a NON-POLAR solvents as the number of polar functional groups in the hydrocarbon increase?
A
  • decrease

- decrease

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9
Q

What happens to the solubility of a polar solute and ionic compound when the POLARITY of the solvent decreases?

A
  • the solubility decreases for both
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10
Q

What happens to the solubility of a non-polar solute when the polarity of the solvent decreases?

A
  • increases
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11
Q

What are ion-dipole forces and how are they formed?

A

Forces that hold molecules to ions

- ionic solid dissolves in water and then POLAR water molecules are attracted to the positive and negative ions

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12
Q

What are complex ions?

A

Ions with water molecules attracted to them

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13
Q

What is one mole?

A

Amount of substance that contains 6.022x10^23 particles of that substance

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14
Q

What is a concentration?

A

Quantity of solute dissolved in a particular quantity of solution

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15
Q

What/how can concentration be expressed in parts per million (ppm)

A

Mass in mg of solute dissolved in 1kg of solution
- ppm= mass of solute (mg)
__________________
Mass of sln (kg)

16
Q

Equation for % composition

A

Mass of solute (g)
__________________ x100
Mass of solution (g)