Major Ideas: Alcohols Flashcards
0
Q
Aldehyde
- functional group
- suffix/naming
- main INTERmolecular forces
- solubility
- boiling points
A
- R-CHO
- ‘al’
- dipole-dipole forces
- slightly soluble
- higher than hydrocarbon, lower than alcohol
1
Q
Alcohols
- functional group
- suffix/naming
- main INTERmolecular forces
- solubility
- boiling points
A
- R-OH
- -ol
- hydrogen bonding
- soluble in water
- relatively high
2
Q
Ketone
- functional group
- suffix/naming
- main INTERmolecular forces
- solubility
- boiling points
A
- R-CO-R
- ‘one’
- dipole-dipole
- slightly soluble
- similar to aldehyde
3
Q
Carboxylic acid
- functional group
- suffix/naming
- main INTERmolecular forces
- solubility
- boiling point
A
- R-COOH
- ‘oic acid’
- hydrogen bonding
- soluble in water
- higher than alcohols
4
Q
Ester
- functional group
- suffix/naming
- main INTERmolecular forces
- solubility
- boiling points
A
- R-COO-R’
- alkyl … ‘Oate’
- dipole-dipole
- slightly soluble
- lower than alcohols
5
Q
Amine
- functional group
- suffix/naming
- main INTERmolecular forces
- solubility
- boiling points
A
- R-NH2
- ‘amine’
- hydrogen bonding
- soluble in water
- lower than alcohols
6
Q
Haloalkane
- functional group
- suffix/naming
- main INTERmolecular forces
- solubility
- boiling points
A
- R-X
- halogen (e.g. Chloro)
- dispersion and dipole-dipole
- not in water, but in non-polar solvents
- low
7
Q
What is a primary alcohol?
A
One carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon atom to which -OH group is bonded
8
Q
What is a secondary alcohol?
A
Two carbon atoms and one hydrogen atom attached to the carbon to which the -OH is bonded (middle)
9
Q
What is a tertiary alcohol?
A
-OH group bonded to middle carbon along with another functional group
10
Q
What happens when an alcohol reacts with sodium or potassium?
A
Forms and ask oxide ion and hydrogen gas
- 2ROH + 2Na = H2 + 2RO + 2Na+
11
Q
What do: - primary - secondary - tertiary Alcohols oxidise to?
A
- primary > aldehyde > carboxylic acid
- secondary > ketone
- tertiary doesn’t oxidise
12
Q
Alcohols and carboxylic acid react to form?
A
Esters
ROH + R’COOH >(H+) R’COOR + H2O
13
Q
What happens to esters during HYDROLYSIS?
A
Ester bond breaks up
14
Q
Hydrolysis of esters with acid? (Eqn)
A
R’COOR + H2O = R’COOH + ROH
