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Microbio > Major Fungal Phyla > Flashcards

Major Fungal Phyla Flashcards

1
Q

Chytridomycota (Chytrids)

A

Derivation of Phylum name: chytridion (little pot)

  • Special name of their spores: zoospores
  • Principle reproductive mechanism: sexual
  • General role(s) and environments:
  • Aquatic environments
  • Decomposition
  • Special
    features/characteristics:
  • Responsible for chytridiomycosis
  • Mutualistic relationship with ruminants
  • The only fungus with flagellated spores
  • Specific examples
  • Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
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2
Q

Zygomycota (Zygomycetes)

A

Derivation of Phylum name: Zygosporangium

  • Special name of their spores: Sporangiospores
  • Principle reproductive mechanism: sexual
  • General role(s) and environments: terrestrial
  • Special features/characteristics:
  • Coenocytic
  • Fungal allergic responses
  • Ectomycorrhizal associations
  • Examples:
    Bread molds, molds on fruit, dung cannon
    fungus (Pilobus sp.), Brood X (Massospora sp.)
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3
Q

Glomeromycota (Glomeromycetes)

A

Derivation of Phylum name: Glomero = ball-like

  • Special name of their spores: glomerospores
  • General examples of the types of fungi included:
    Plant root-associated mutualists
  • Principle reproductive mechanism: asexual
  • General role(s) and environments:
    Arbuscular mycorrhizal associations
  • Special features/characteristics:
  • Coenocytic
  • All known species form arbuscular mycorrhizae
    with plants
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4
Q

Ascomycota

A

Derivation of Phylum name:

Refers to the sexual ascus structure

  • Special name of their spores:
  • Sexual: ascospores
  • Asexual: conidia
  • General examples of the types of fungi included:
    bread yeast, brewers yeast, morels, Penicillium sp.
    Aspergillus species, cup fungus
  • Principle reproductive mechanism: asexual
  • General role(s) and environments:
    Decomposing wood, grains, fruit
  • Special features/characteristics: includes many
    edible species, penicillin, and aflatoxins
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5
Q

Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)

A

Derivation of Phylum name:
Refers to the sexual basidium structure

  • Special name of their spores: basidiospores
  • General examples of the types of fungi included:
    Button mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungi, smut,
    rust
  • Principle reproductive mechanism: sexual
  • General role(s) and environments:
    Decomposing wood, cellulosic materials
  • Special features/characteristics:
    Includes many edible species, hallucinogenic
    species, toxic species, and Fairy rings
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6
Q

Phylum name for chitidiomycota (chytrids) come from what?

A

chytridion (little pot)
(reproductive strucutre, not the fruiting body)

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7
Q

Special name of Chytridomycota spores?

A

zoospores

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8
Q

Principle reproductive mechanism for Chytridomycota?

A

Sexual

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9
Q

What is the only fungus with flagellated spores?

A

Chytridomycota (chytrids)

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10
Q

General role(s) and environments of Chytridomycota (chytrids)

A
  • Aquatic environments
  • Decomposition
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11
Q

Special features/characteristics of Chytridomycota (chytrids)

A
  • Responsible for chytridiomycosis(frog murder)
  • Mutualistic relationship with ruminants
  • The only fungus with flagellated spores
  • Specific examples
  • Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
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12
Q

Special features/characteristics of Zygomycota (Zygomycetes):

A
  • Coenocytic
  • Fungal allergic responses
  • Ectomycorrhizal associations
  • Examples:
    Bread molds, molds on fruit, dung cannon
    fungus (Pilobus sp.), Brood X (Massospora sp.)
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13
Q

Special name of their spores: Zygomycota (Zygomycetes)

A

Sporangiospores

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14
Q
  • Principle reproductive mechanism: Zygomycota (Zygomycetes)
A

Sexual

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15
Q

Derivation of Phylum name: Glomeromycota (Glomeromycetes)

A

Glomero = ball-like

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15
Q

Special name of their spores: Glomeromycota (Glomeromycetes)

A

glomerospores

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15
Q

Zygomycota (Zygomycetes)* General role(s) and environments:

Also Examples:

A

terrestrial

Bread molds, molds on fruit, dung cannon
fungus (Pilobus sp.), Brood X (Massospora sp.)

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16
Q

General examples of the types of fungi included: Glomeromycota (Glomeromycetes)

A

Plant root-associated mutualists

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17
Q

Principle reproductive mechanism: Glomeromycota (Glomeromycetes)

A

asexual

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18
Q

General role(s) and environments: Glomeromycota (Glomeromycetes)

A

-terrestrial
-Arbuscular mycorrhizal associations

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19
Q
  • Special features/characteristics: Glomeromycota (Glomeromycetes)
A
  • Coenocytic
  • All known species form arbuscular mycorrhizae
    with plants
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20
Q

Derivation of Phylum name: Ascomycota

A

Refers to the sexual ascus structure

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21
Q

Special name of their spores: Ascomycota

(hint: two)

A

Sexual: ascospores
Asexual: conidia

22
Q

General examples of the types of fungi included: Ascomycota

A

bread yeast, brewers yeast, morels, Penicillium sp.
Aspergillus species, cup fungus

23
Q

Principle reproductive mechanism: Ascomycota

A

asexual

24
Q

General role(s) and environments: Ascomycota

A

Decomposing wood, grains, fruit

25
Q

Special features/characteristics: Ascomycota

A

includes many
edible species, penicillin, and aflatoxins

26
Q

Derivation of Phylum name: Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)

A

Refers to the sexual basidium structure

27
Q

Special name of their spores: Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)

A

basidiospores

28
Q

General examples of the types of fungi included: Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)

A

Button mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungi, smut,
rust

29
Q

Principle reproductive mechanism: Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)

A

sexual

30
Q

What 3 fungal phyla are grody little animals and prefer to reproduce sexually?

hint: baszycho

A

-Chytridomycota (Chytrids)

-Zygomycota (Zygomycetes)

-Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)

30
Q

General role(s) and environments: Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)

A

Decomposing wood, cellulosic materials

31
Q

Special features/characteristics: Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)

A

Includes many edible species, hallucinogenic
species, toxic species, and Fairy rings

32
Q

What two fungal phyla are coenocytic?

hint: glozo

A

Zygomycota and the Glomeromycota

33
Q

How many major fungal phyla are there?

A

5

34
Q

Deuteromycetes-

what is this classification, and
fungi in this don’t do what?

A

-fungi that do not reproduce sexually and have no sexual reproductive features

-just a temporary we don’t know wtf you are holding group

-would take DNA sequencing to figure it out

35
Q

is Deuteromycetes a true phylum?

A

No

36
Q

Fungi perfecti-

A

Fungi that can do both sexual and asexul reproduction are considered “perfect” = complete (they can commit sexual, everyone can do asexual)

37
Q

Fungi imperfecti:

(bonus: placed in the holding group _________________ ?)

A

Imperfect fungi (no sex!) group of fungi without fruiting body so we don’t know where to put them

Deuteromycetes-

38
Q

What three fungal phyla form ectomycorrhizal associations?

(acronym kinda sounds like egyptian goddess of cats I think)

A

Zygomycetes, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota

BAZ

39
Q

Chytrimycota fruiting bodies- look like what?

(sorry I cant attach pictures :’) )

A

Globular fruiting body (containing spores), lots of little hyphae branchin out

**see unit III pg 79

40
Q

Zygomycota isn’t named for fruiting body but rather survival mechanism, what does this structure look like?

A

-thick walled structure
(resistant to radiation, dessication, chemicals like bleach, nuclear war

-Zygosporangium hard coating

-looks like ((double icecream cone)

41
Q

Is the zygosporangium the fruiting body?

A

NO, survival mechanism that waits to germinate until nice place

-Germinates into sporangium on a short stalk (that is the spore, the zygosporangium has no spores inside it, only one like this)

42
Q

Is the zygosporangium diploid?

A

Yes

43
Q

Glomeromycetes-
fruiting body yes or no?

A

Have the genes, seem too shy to do the sex in front of any of us tho

so as to our knowlege no

44
Q

Glomeromycetes- spores called Glomerospores

why, and look like what?

A

Named bc look like a bunch of little bals (globular)

Looks like a blob with a lifeline to other blobs all connected to one line

**see unit III pg 98

45
Q

What fungal phyla has asexual spores and sexual spores?

(bonus for asexual spore name and sexual fruiting body)

A

Ascomycota

Conidia- asexual spores

Sexual fruiting body-Ascocarp (collection of asci) forms and then fully developed discharges spores all at once

46
Q

What do asexual Ascomycota spores (conidia) look like?

A

Skeleton hand

(google conidia, slides ones be hidden)

47
Q

What does the fruiting body of Ascomycota sexual fruiting body (ascocarp) look look like?

A

**see unit III pg 112-114

but a bunch of like tubes of spores in a linear chain, all along cup in cup fungi)

48
Q

What is the name of the Ascomycota sexual fruiting body (only one)

A

Sexual fruiting body-Ascocarp (collection of asci) forms and then fully developed discharges spores all at once

49
Q

10/10 would recommend reviewing sexual Ascomycota reproduction real quick

A

unit III pg 111

50
Q

Why do fungi do freaky things to a lot of us?

(us being non-fungal organisms in general)

A

-Fungi make a lot of strange metabolites, many fit into our processes and do stuff, happen to interact with our processess

51
Q

Basidiomycota- name of spores?

A

bacidiospores

52
Q

Basidiomycota- what does the fruiting body (bacisium) look like?

A

Looks like BK crown,

The basiocarp gills are lined with the fruiting
body: bacisium

**see unit III pg 123

Microbio (9 decks)

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