Major DNA Viruses Flashcards
1
Q
SsDNA naked, icosahedral
A
Parvovirus
2
Q
Determinant for B19 tropism
A
Erythrocyte P antigen
acts as a receptor
3
Q
____ a type of glycoshpingolipid on RBC
A
Globoside
4
Q
When does parvovirus replicate
A
When host cell is in S phase
5
Q
Why does B19 not attack RBC
A
Because they don’t have a nucleus
So they attach erythroblasts
6
Q
B19 arthritis is from
A
Immune complex mediated
7
Q
Most common age group fro 5th disease
A
5-14
8
Q
Phases of erythema infectious
A
Phase 1 = infectious stage
Mild fever, sore throat, runny nose
Phase 2 = virus cleared
slapped cheek rash
lacy rash on trunk, arms, legs
9
Q
Slapped cheek rash is ______
A
Immune complex mediated
10
Q
B19 can cross
A
Placenta
11
Q
B19 during 1st trimester =
A
Death
12
Q
B19 during 2nd =
A
Hydrops fetalis —-> death
13
Q
B19 during 3rd trimester
A
No apparent clinical symptoms
14
Q
B19 treatment
A
No treatment unless immunocompromised
if so, maybe transfusion
15
Q
Leading cause of pharyngitis
A
Adenovirus
16
Q
Why does it make sense that adenovirus can have outbreaks in pools
A
It’s naked and can survive the chlorine in pools
17
Q
Adenovirus types 4, 7, 14 are associated with
A
Severe lower resp tract infections
18
Q
Adenovirus types 40 + 41 associated with
A
Gastroenteritis; transmitted fecal/orally
19
Q
Adenovirus types 11 + 21 are associated with
A
Hemorrhagic cystitis
20
Q
How would you diagnose adenovirus
A
Look for increase in antibody titer
PCR for viral sequences
21
Q
How do you treat adenovirus
A
Self resolves, you treat the symptoms
Live vax for military recruits
22
Q
________ for immunocomprimised people with severe adenovirus infection
A
Cidofovir
23
Q
Tropism for papilloma
A
Epithelial cells of skin and mucosa
24
Q
Papilloma is _____ infection on _____ cells
A
Lytic
Permissive
25
Papilloma is _____ infecticions in ______
Transforming
Non permissive
26
How do you transmit papilloma
Direct contact
Exposure during birth
Sex
27
Papilloma route of transmission depends on
Serotype
28
HPV infects _____ cells
Basal
29
HPV, viral DNA induces cell proliferation and thickening in
Basal layer
Stratum spinous
Stratum granulosum
30
HPV, mature virion is only on _____ layers of skin
Outermost
31
How does HPV move on in association with skin
As our skin shed the viral particles get spread
32
HPV latent vs transforming infections
L = viral DNA is not integrated
T = viral DNA is integrated
33
E5 = ( of HPV)
Activates EGF, epithelial growth factor
34
E6 =
Binds and targets p53 for degration
35
E7 =
Binds and inactivates RB
36
Verruca vulgaris
Common wart
37
Where are verruca vulgaris usually
Hands and knees
38
Verruca plana
Flat warts on hands, face, shins
39
Plantar warts
Grow into soles of feet
40
Condyloma acuminata aka
Genital warts
41
Infected epithelial cells have a clear halo around a shrunken nucleus
Koilocytes
42
Managing HPV
Could resolve spontaneously
Freeze
Surgically remove
Etc
43
Preventing HPV
Vax!
Gardasil 9
covers 9 subtypes
6,11,16,18,31,33,45,52,58
44
When should someone get gardasil
Before they’re sexually active
Starting at 11 years old
45
___ cells express a capsid protein called ___
Yeast
L1
46
Polyomaviridae is ____ in immunocompetent people
Asymptomatic
47
Transmission of polyomavirus
Inhalation
Fecal/oral
48
Kidneys are a big site of _____ with polyoma virus
Latency
49
Latent infection of the kidneys =
BK
50
Latent infection in kidneys, B cells, monocyte lineage cells
JC
51
Why would polyoma get reactivated
Someone become immunocompromised
52
Early genes of polyoma virus
T (transformation) antigens
53
What do T antigens do
Bind and inactive p53 and retinoblastoma protein
54
Late genes of polyoma virus
Capsid proteins
VP1
VP2
VP3
55
VP1
Major capsid protein and viral attachment protein
56
VP2 and VP3
Minor capsid proteins
57
PML from
JC
58
Hemorrhagic cystitis from
BK
Or adenovirus
59
___ can cross bbb and replicates in the endothelial cells of ____
JC
Capillaries
60
JC ____ infections of oligodendrocytes and astrocytes
Productive Lytic
61
Subacute demyelinating disease
PML
62
PML severity
>90% fatality rate
2-4 months
63
How do you diagnose polyoma
Urine cytologies tests
Detect gene seq in csf, pee, biopsy material
PML diagnosis
64
What do you look for in a urine cytologies test for JC/BK
Enlarges cells with dense basophilic intranuclear inclusions consistent with JC/BK
65
How do you diagnose PML
Histo of brain tissue = demyelination surrounded by oligodend. With inclusions
PCR detects viral DNA in csf
MRI showing lesions
66
Adenovirus, papilloma, polyoma are all
Naked
dsDNA
Icosahedral
67
Enveloped icosehedral
Herpes
68
Alpha herpes primary target cell
What viruses
Epithelial cells
HSV1 - mucoepithelial cells, fibroblasts
HSV2 - mucoeptithelial cells, fibroblasts
VZV - mucoepithelial cells, T cells
69
Beta viruses primary target cell
What viruses
Variety of cells
CMV - leukocytes, epithelial cells, fibroblasts
HHV6 - lymphocytes
HHV7 - lymphocytes
70
Gamma viruses primary target cell
What viruses
EBV - B cells and epithelial cells
HSHV - B cells, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, monocytes
71
Where do alpha sit latent
Neurons
72
Where do gamma sit latent
B cells
73
Where to beta sit latent
CMV - monocytes, myeloid stem cells
HHV6 - T cells
HHV7 - T cells
74
Latency of HSV
Immediate early genes are NOT expressed so non of the early or late viral genes are expressed
75
LATs are associated with
Replication of HSV
Latency-associated transcripts
76
How does HSV mainly spread systemically
Traveling within infected leukocytes
VZV, EBV, CMV
77
LATs inhibit _____ of infected neurons
Apoptosis
78
LATs inhibit ____ of viral IE genes
Expression
79
How is replication triggered in a _______ of HSV
Neuron
Sunlight
Fever
Stress
Immunosuppression
80
What does deactivation look like in HSV
New viral particle travels down the axon to site of initial infection and productively infects epithelial cells
81
What does reactivation look like in VZV
Reactivation = productive infection in a dermatome enervated by the neuron in which reactivation occurs
82
HSV1, HSV2, VZV
Transmit by
Saliva
Sex
Hand to mouth
Skin to skin
wrestler, herpetic gladiatorum
83
HSV and VZV lesions
Vesicles —> ulcer —> crusted lesions
84
____ in the lesions contains infectious virus in alpha
Fluid
85
HSV1 or 2 is more common of a genital infection
2
86
Neonatal herpes usually caused by
HSV2
87
Where does HSV reactivate vs VZV
H = cold sores, genital lesions
V = Zosters
88
Where does HSV reactivate vs VZV
H: site of primary infection
V: Site where virus entered neuron
89
How often does HSV vs VZV reactivate
H: often
V: 1 episode
90
probability of reactivation of HSV vs VZV
H: decreases with age
V: increases with age
91
What do you look for in a tzanck smear
Syncytia
Cow dry type A intranuclear inclusion bodies
92
Serology of HSV vs VZV
H: significant increase in titer may not occur in reactivation
V: antibody tigers do increase in pt with zoster
93
Prego mamas avoid HSV and VZV by
C section
94
A kid immunocomprimised doesn’t get VZV vax instead ___ because
They get anti-VZV immunoglobulin
Vax could cause the disease
95
What is more likely to cause roseola
HHV6
96
How do you differentiate CMV and EBV
Heterophile antibody negative mononucleosis
97
CMV is ____ severe than EBV mono
Less
98
Which mono is it rare to see exudative pharyngitis, CMV or EBV
CMV
99
How can cytomegalic inclusion disease be reactivated
During pregnancy
Mom has protective antibodies and a healthy newborn BUT there is a prolonged shedding of virus
100
EBV receptor
CR2/CD21
this is a receptor for C3b
101
With EBV what is used as a co-receptor
MHC class II
102
Productive infection of EBV proteins
VCA - viral capsid antigen
EA - early antigen
MA - membrane antigen
Zebra - transcription activator; activates immediate early genes
103
Non productiveinfection of EBV proteins
EBNAs - Epsetin Barr nuclear antigens
LP - Latent proteins
LMP 1 & 2 - Latent membrane proteins
EBER 1 & 2 - 2 small ep. Barr encoded rna molecules
104
What indicates previous infection of EBV
Detecting both VCA IgG & EBNA antibodies
105
See infectious mononucleosis pic
Yub yub
106
Primary infection of HHV8 in immunocompetent ppl
Asymptomatic
107
Primary infection of HHV8 in immunocomprimised ppl
Fever, spleen omega lay, lymphoid hyperplasia
108
Transformation of HHV8
Virus expresses proteins with homologous to cellular proteins that promote growth + inhibit apoptosis
109
Kaposi sarcoma characteristics
Cancer of lymph endothelial lining
Bluish red cutaneous nodules
110
Primary effusion lymphoma aka
Body cavity based lymphomas
111
Multi centric castleman’s disease is what and what is it associated with
lymphoproliferative disease
Fever, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, generalized lymphadenopathy
HHV8
112
HBsAG =
Hepatitis B surface Antigen
113
If you have an antibody to HBsAG =
You have immunity to HBV
114
HBV is a ____ virus that replicates through an _____
DNA
RNA intermediary
115
P protein of HBV is what
RNA dependent DNA polymerase with RNase H activity
116
Gene S of HBV
Surface glycoprotein (HBsAg)
Small medium and large
117
Gene C of HBV
2 Initiation codons
HBcAg = core protein
HBeAG= secreted protein
118
What is a marker for high infectivity of HBV
HBeAG
119
How is HBV transmitted
Sexual, IV drug use, blood, perinatal
120
Acute infection of HBV signs
Incubates 6 weeks to 6 months
Fever, fatigue, nausea, ab discomfort, DARK URINE, JAUNDICE
Lasts 1-3 weeks
121
Chronic hepatitis infections signs
HBsAG for more than 6 months
Anti HBC = positive
Anthi HBs = negative
122
Prevent HBV with
Vax
123
Managing HBV with
HBV immunoglobulin after exposure
Antiviral drugs
that inhibit rna dependent DNA polymerase
124
Small pox aka
Variola
125
Monkey pox and variable name
Orthopoxvirus
126
Smallpox vax is
Live attenuated
127
How do you transmit monkey pox
Contact with fluid from lesions
128
Symptoms of monkey pox
Like small pox but milder
Flu-like symptoms
Lymphadenopathy
Rash
129
Umbilicated lesion =
Molluscom contagiosum
130
Molluscum vs chicken pox
M = harder papule than fluid filled chicken pox
M= last for weeks
Chicken = clears up in weeks
