Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Homeostasis and response > Maintaining Water and Nitrogen Balance > Flashcards

Maintaining Water and Nitrogen Balance Flashcards

1
Q

Describe how the kidneys produce urine

A

Blood enters the kidneys through the arteries
The blood passes through the capillaries.in the kidneys
The kidneys filter out and remove glucose, water, ions and urea from the blood into tubules (it doesn’t filter large molecules like protein)
After this all the glucose molecules,and the some of the small water and ion molecules are reabsorbed back into the blood in selective reabsorbtion, the glucose by active transport and the water by osmosis
The urea and excess water and ions are removed from the kidneys as urine.
The urine is stored in the bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is urine made out of?

A

Urea
Water molecules

Ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is selective reabsorbtion?

A

When glucose and some water and ion molecules are reabsorbed back into the blood after being filtered out by the kidneys- glucose by active transport and water by osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is deamination?

A

When the liver breaks down amino acids to produce ammonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a tubule?

A

A very small tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where does deamination take place?

A

In the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name three ways in which water is lost from our body

A

Sweat
Exhalation
Urinating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name two uncontrolled ways in which water is lost from the body

A

Sweating
Exhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is lost from the body during sweat?

A

Water
Ions
Urea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is lost from the body during exhalation?

A

Water vapour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is lost from the body durng urination

A

Water

Ions

Urea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name a homeostatically controlled way in which water is lost from the body

A

Urination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Is urea toxic or untoxic?

A

Toxic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which part of the body detects changes in water levels in the body?

A

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Is blood concentrated or dilute when blood water levels are too low?

A

Concentrated

17
Q

Is blood dilute or concentrated when blood water levels are too high?

A

Dilute

18
Q
A
19
Q

Explain how negative feedback controls blood water levels when blood is dilute

A

Blood becomes dilute when the body absorbs water from food and drinks

The high blood water levels are detected by the hypothalamus which transmits the information to the coordination centre.
This inhibits the secretion of ADH from the pituitary gland into the blood stream
This decreases the permeability of the kidney tubules to water, decreasing the amount of water which is selectively reabsorbed back into the blood.
This increases the amount of excess water which is released from the kidneys, resulting in a large volume of dilute urine

20
Q

What molecules are too large to be filtered into the kidney tubules in the production of urine

A

Proteins

21
Q

Which molecules are too large to pass through the semi-permeable membrane in kidney dialysis

A

Protein
Blood cells

22
Q

A person with kidney failure has _ _ _ _ _ _ concentrations of water, ions and urea in their bloodstream

fill in the blank

A

A person with kideny failure has higher concentations of water, ions and urea in their bloodstream

23
Q

Describe the proccess of kidney dialysis

A
  1. A person with kidney failure has a high concentration of water, ions and urea in their blood
  2. This is treated with kidney dialysis. The patient’s blood is seperated from a dialysis fluid by a semi-permeable membrane
  3. The dialysis fluid contains no urea, so the urea in the person’s blood diffuses from an area of high to low concentration to the dialysis fluid, to remove the urea from the patient’s blood- the dialysis fluid is being constantly refreshed to maintain a large concentration gradient for the urea
  4. The dialysis fluid also contains normal levels of water and ions, this causes onlysome of the water and ions in the patient’s blood diffuses from an area of high to low concentration to the dialysis fluid.
  5. This reduces the water and ion levels in the patient’s blood back to normal levels
24
Q

Name different treatments for kidney failure

A

Kidney transplant

Kidney dialysis

25
Q

What happens in a kidney transplant?

A

A diseased kidney is replaced by a healthy kidney from a donor

26
Q

Compare the advantanges and disadvantages of kidney dialysis and kidney transplants

A

Dialysis vs Transplant

No shortageof dialysis machines so they are readily available vs shortage of kidney donors

Expensive for the NHS in the long term vs only expensive in the short term

Patient must misist hospital three times a week and eat a controlled diet to control urea levels in blood from being too high vs Patient can lead a normal life

… vs Risk of rejection by immune system and anti-rejection drugs must be taken everyday, patient may forget to take them, this creates a major health risk

Sh.E.L.D

27
Q

How does water enter the body?

A

Water is absorbed from food and drink

28
Q

How do ions enter the body?

A

Ions are absorbed from food and drinks

29
Q

What happens if there is an excess of water (too much water) in the blood

A

The water travels into the cells by osmosis from an area of high to low concentration along a semi-permeable membrane, when there is too much water in the cells this can cause the cells to burst

30
Q

What happens if there is too little water in the blood stream?

A

Water in the cells travels into the blood by osmosis from an area of high to low concentration across a semi-permeable membrane, when the cells lose too much water this can cause them to shrivel

31
Q

Which molecules are too large to be filtered from the blood into the kidney tubules?

A

Blood cells

Proteins

32
Q

What is active transport?

A

The net movement of molecules from an area of low to high concentration, active transport requires energy

33
Q

Name two unnatural diuretic substances

A

Alcohol

Caffiene

34
Q

How do alcohol and caffiene make someone dehydrated

A

Alcohol and caffeine are diuretic. This surpresses the secretion of ADH, this means in response, the natural process of less ADH happens unnaturally and the kidney tubules become less permeable to water and so less water is selectively reabsorbed into the bloodstream and there is a high amount of excess water being released from the kidneys as urine so more water is lost- causing dehydration

35
Q

Alcohol and caffeiene are diuretic.
What is the meaning of diuretic?

A

Diuretics increase the release of urine from the kidneys by inhibiting the secretion of ADH

36
Q

Name the risk of not removing excess ions and water in the bloodstream

A

Death

Homeostasis and response (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions