Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Homeostasis and response > Hormonal Coordination In Humans > Flashcards

Hormonal Coordination In Humans Flashcards

1
Q

What is negative feedback?

A

Negative feedback is a homeostatic mechanism.

It is the regulation of internal conditions to maintain conditions for function in response to an interanl or external change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are hormones?

A

Chemical messangers which ae secreted by glands into the bloodstream and transmitted to a target organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the function of thyroxine

A

Stimulates basal metabollic rate and growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the differences between the nervous system and the endocrine system?

A

The nervous system releases electrical impulses which are transmitted along neurones. Reflexes from the nervous system are rapid and automatic,they do not last long
The endocrine system releases hormones which are transmitted along the bloodstream
The hormones are secreted slowly but they are long-lasting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which gland detects changes in thyroxine levels in the blood?

A

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which gland secretes TRH into the bloodstream?

A

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which gland detects TRH levels in the blood stream?

A

Pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which gland secretes TSH into the bloodstream?

A

Pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which gland detects TSH levels in the bloodstream?

A

Thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the function of the thyroid gland?

A

Secretes thyroxine which stimulate basal metabolic rate and growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which gland secretes thyroxine into the bloodstream?

A

Thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Explain how thyroxine works as a part of the negative feedback loop

A

The hypothalamus in the brain detects the low levels of thyroxine in the bloodstream. This stimulates the secretion of TRH from the hypothalamus into the bloodstream
The TRH is detected by the pituitary gland. This stimulates the secretion of TSH from the pituitary gland
The TSH is detected by the thyroid gland. This stimulates the secretion of the thyroxine hormone, increasing basal metabollic rate
When the thyroxine levels in the bloodstream rise too high, this is detected by the hypothalamus in the brain, and this inhibits the secretion of TRH from the hypothalamus into the bloodstream.
The pituitar gland detect the low levels of TRH, this inhibits the secretion of TSH from the pituitary gland into the bloodstream
Then the thyroid gland detects the low levels of TSH, this inhibits the secretion of thyroxine into the bloodstream.

This fluctuation of thyroxine secretion about the normal is the negative feedback loop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens when there is a high level of the thyroxine hormone in the bloodstream

A

Negative feedback:
The hypothalamus in the brain detects the high levels of thyroxine in the bloodstream, this inhibits TRH secretion form the hypothalamus into the bloodstream

The reduced levelsof TRH are detected by the pituitary glands. This then inhibits TSH secretion from the pituitary gland into the bloodstream

The reduced levels of TSH are detected by the thyroid gland, this stimulates the thyroid to secrete less thyroxine into the blood stream, reducing basal metabollic rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which gland detects levels of thyroxine in the blood stream?

A

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which gland detects levels of TRH in the bloodstream?

A

Pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which gland detects levels of TSH in the blood stream?

A

Thyroid gland

17
Q

Which gland secretes the adrenaline hormone?

A

Adrenal gland

18
Q

Which three organs does adrenaline affect?

A
  1. Heart
  2. Liver
  3. Blood vessels
19
Q

What does the adrenaline hormone do to the heart to prepare the body for the ‘‘fight or flight’ response?

A

Adrenaline causes the heart muscle to contract and relax rapidly.

This increases blood flow around the body.

This increases oxygen and glucose supply to muscle cells.

This increases respiration which releases energy for the ‘fight or flight’ response

20
Q

What does the adrenaline hormone do to the liver to prepare the body for the ‘fight or flight’ response?

A

Adrenaline breaks down glycogen which is stored in the liver and converts it into glucose.

This increases the supply of glucose in cells whcih reacts with oxygen, thus increasing respiration in muscle cells
This releases energy for the ‘fight or flight’ response

21
Q

What does the adrenaline hormone do to the blood vessels to prepare the body for the ‘fight or flight’ response?

A

Adrenaline causes the blood vessels which supply blood to the non-vital organs to constrict and become narrower toredirect the flow of blood to the muscle cells.

This increases the flow of blood to the muscle cells.
This increases the supply of oxygen and glucose in the muscle cells, increasing respiration.
This releases energy for the ‘fight or flight’ response

22
Q

Why is it that adrenaline is not part of the negative feedback cycle?

A

Levels of adrenaline do not need to be maintained

Adrenaline is only needed in certain situations

23
Q

Name two non-vital organs

A

Small Intestine
Large Intestine

24
Q

Why is it important that adrenaline is not part of the negative feedback cycle?

A

It reduces the body’s energy consumption once the danger/stress is over and everything is normal

25
Q

What happens to pupils when adrenaline is secreted from adrenal glands?

A

They dilate

26
Q

Why do pupils dilate as an effect of adrenaline for ‘fight or flight?

A

To allow more light in, for improved vision

27
Q

What causes blood glucose levels to increase?

A

Eating starchy/sugary foods

28
Q

What causes blood glucose levels to decrease?

A

Not eating

Excercise

29
Q

Explain how insulin controls blood glucose levels in the body

A

Blood glucose levels increase after eating strach/sugary foods

This triggers the pancreas to secrete insulin into the bloodstream

Insulin is transmitted along the bloodstream to the liver and muscle cells

This causes the liver and muscle cells to become more permeable to glucose. The liver and muscle cells then convert glucose into glycogen, and the glycogen is stored in the liver

This causes the blood glucose levels to reduce as the glucose is beign stored as glycogen in the liver

30
Q

Explain how insulin and glucagon interact in the negative feedback cylce to control blood glucose levels

A

Blood glucose levels rise due to eating starchy/sugary foods
This triggers the pancreas to secrete insulin into the blood stream
The insulin is transmitted along the blood stream to the liver and muscle cells. The liver and muscle cells become more permeable to glucose, then the cells convert the glucose into glycogen, this reduces blood glucose levels as the glucose is being stored in the liver as glycogen.

When the blood glucose levels reduce too low due to excercise or not eating this triggers the pancreas to secrete glucagon into the bloodstream

The glucagon travels along the bloodstream to the liver. This causes the liver to convert tje glycogen into glucose. This increases blood glucose levels as the glucose has been released into the bloodstream

31
Q

Explain what happens when blood glucose levels in the body are too low

A

Blood glucose levels fall too low due to excercise or not eating
This triggers the pancreas to secrete glucagon into the bloodstream
The glucagon is transmitted along the bloodstream to the liver.
This causes the liver to convert the glycogen store into glucose. This increases blood glucose levels as the glucose is released into the bloodstream

32
Q

What are the two types of diabetes?

A

Type 1 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes

33
Q

What is type 1 diabetes

A

A disorder when the pancreas no longer produces a sufficient amount of insulin.

So when blood glucose levels rise after eating a starchy/sugary meal, the pancreas is unable to produce sufficient insulin, so people with type 1 diabetes often have uncontrolled high blood glucose levels

34
Q

Do people with type 1 diabetes have high or low blood glucose levels?

A

Uncontrolled high blood glucose levels because the pancreas is unable to produce sufficient insulin

35
Q

How is type 1 diabetes treated?

A

People with type 1 diabetes will monitor their blood glucose levels and inject themselves with insulin when their blood glucose concentration is too high, this will cause the blood glucose levels to reduce

36
Q

What is type 2 diabetes?

A

Type 2 diabetes is when cells in the body no longer respond to the insulin that is secreted from the pancreas.

This results in high blood glucose levels

37
Q

What is a major risk of type 2 diabetes?

A

Obesity

38
Q

How is type 2 diabetes treated?

A

People with type 2 diabetes are treated with a diet containing low levels of carbohydrates. This is in efforts too stop blood glucose levels from rising too high

People with type 2 diabetes are also encouraged to excercise

Homeostasis and response (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions