Main complaints with respiratory diseases

Question 1

main complaints

Answer 1

chest pain 
dyspnea 
suffocation
cough
expectoration 
others: weakness fatigue poor apatite headache fever

Question 2

chest pain

Answer 2

mainly because of pleural infl.
chest wall trauma/ broken ribs (involves nerves)
pain from other structure (tb, lung abscess- stretching of receptors )

Question 3

dyspnea

Answer 3

abnormal frequency rhythm and depth of respiration

a symptom not a sign

Question 4

what is asphyxia

Answer 4

sudden pronounced respiratory distress also called paroxysomal dyspnea and when happens in attacks it is called asthma

Question 5

(Rate of onset)
sudden dyspnea typical for:

dyspnea for few hours:

intermitten dyspnea typical for:

dyspnea for over days:

dyspnea for over months or years:

Answer 5

sudden: inhalation of foreign body, pneumothorax, pul.embolism

few hours: asthma, pneumonia, pul.edema

intermittent: asthma pneumonia, edema

over days : pleural effusion, bronchogenic carcinoma

over months/years: chronic bronchitis, emphysema, non resp.causes, interstitial lung diseases

Question 6

types of dyspnea

Answer 6

inspiratory : obstruction in large tract by tumours, foreign bodies edema, dry/exudative pleurisy, pneumothorax, HF

expiratory: obstruction of small bronchioles( bronchial asthma and copd)
mixed: HF, pul.thromboembolism, anemia and panic attacks

Question 7

clinical types of dyspnea

Answer 7

physiological:

pulmonary: restrictive - pil.fibrosis, alveolitis, chest deformities. do not occure at rest
obstructive - obstructive emphysema, asthma (increased air ressitence) ocure at rest

cardiac: early stages of HF
circulatory: acute dyspnea at terminal stage of hemorrhage, chronic anemia only during exertion

chemical : diabetic acidosis(kussmaul’s breath), uremic (severe panting - acidosis, HF, pul.edema anemia)

central: cerebral lesions, hyperventilation after head injury , decreased paco2

psychogenic : anxiety

Question 8

cough

Answer 8

explosive expiratory avtion that clears the airways from secretions.
secretions : mucus, sputum, blood

Question 9

types of cough

Answer 9

dry/productive

permanent (chronic)/ periodical(obstruction of airway)/ attacks

induced by postural change: chronic lung abscess cavity tb, bronchiectasis, tumour

induced by eating: disturbances in swalloing, tracheoaesophageal fistula

after exposure to cold air/ exercise -asthma

morning cough persisting until sputum expectorated - chronic bronchitis

rhinitis /wheezing/seasonal - allergic

Question 10

sputum

Answer 10

path substance extreted from airways containing mucus, serous fluid, epithelial cells, blood cells
amount varies, character indicates inf.
gritty material - bronchiectasis

Question 11

hemoptysis

Answer 11

coughing up blood
tb, acute or chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis , lung abscess infections by aspergillus bronchogenic carcinoma
metastatic cancer
primary infarction with thromboembolism LV failure