chronic bronchitis

Question 1

chronic bronchitis

Answer 1

productive cough over 3 months duration during 2 consecutive years

Question 2

causes of chronic bronchitis

Answer 2

tobacco smoke
air pollution
organic and in organic dust
infections

smoking stimulate cytokines and infl. depress alveolar macrophages reduce functional integrity of surfactants and retards mucus transport and enhance lysozomal enzymes. cilia stop working and airway clogged by debris

Question 3

complaints

Answer 3

chronic cough with sputum
cough with small amount of expectoration each morning but later cough more frequent during day and night worsen by winter. sputum becomes mucopurulent
fever
fatigue

Question 4

physical examination

Answer 4

general inspection palpation = normal
percussion= resonant
auscultation: harsh breathing, high pitched wheezes/rhonchi during exacerbation
bronchophony = normal

Question 5

investigations

Answer 5

sputum: mucus/ mucopurulent in moderate qnt, increased lecocytes and ciliary cells
blood test: moderate leukocytosis and increased ESR
bronchoscopy: atrophy /hypertrophy of mucosa and infl present

Question 6

treatment

Answer 6

reduce risk factors
treatment with mucolytics
antibiotics
bronchodilators