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Clin Med-Cardio pt 1 > Made Ridiculously Simple > Flashcards

Made Ridiculously Simple Flashcards

1
Q

SA node spontaneously fires—>

A

depolarization of atria –> contraction of atria

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2
Q

The electrical impulse then travels to the AV node, where it is help up by a built in delay before preceding to the..

A

Bundle of His and bundle branches

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3
Q

Finally, the electrical signal spreads across the ventricles by way of the…

A

Purkinje fibers

this causes the ventricles to contract as a unit

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4
Q

the ____ wave represents the electrical depolarization that occurs just prior to atrial contraction

A

P wave

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5
Q

Flat line (PR segment) between P wave and start of QRS complex represents

A

the time the impulse is held up at the AV node

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6
Q

The _____ ______ represents ventricular depolarization

A

QRS complex

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7
Q

The ___ wave represents ventricular repolarization

A

T wave

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8
Q

What wave is sometimes visible after the T wave, but not always

A

U wave

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9
Q

Which wave may represent further depolarization in the ventricle or repolarization of the Purkinje system

A

U wave

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10
Q

The U wave may become more prominent in..

A

Bradycardia OR electrolyte imbalance

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11
Q

Arrhythmias are classified by which 2 things?

A

Brady vs tachy

Location (atria vs ventricle)

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12
Q

HR less than 60 bpm

A

Bradycardia

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13
Q

Either a problem with the SA node OR a block somewhere in the conduction system may lead to…

A

Bradycardia

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14
Q

What type of person might bradycardia be normal?

A

Well trained athlete

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15
Q
  • Normal physiologic response (i.e. sleep)
  • Result of ischemia
  • Certain drugs
  • Increased vagal tone
A

Can all cause a decrease in SA node firing

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16
Q

First downward deflection on EKG

A

Q wave

17
Q

First upward deflection of QRS complex

A

R wave

18
Q

Any downward wave that occurs after the R (upward deflection) wave

A

S wave

19
Q

If there are 2 upward deflections in a QRS complex, the second upward deflection is..

A

R prime

first one is R wave

20
Q

P waves and QRS appear normal, but the number of P and QRS complexes per unit time will be decreased

A

Bradycardia

21
Q

In ___ ____, the SA node pulses at its normal rate but the conduction is blocked somewhere along the route to the ventricles

A

heart block

22
Q

Blocks can occur in:

A

AV node
Bundle of His
Bundle branches

23
Q 
First degree
Second degree Mobitz type I (Wenckebach)
Second degree Mobitz type II
Third degree (aka complete)
A

Types of heart blocks

24
Q

If some isolated ventricular cells produce an escape beat, the depolarization will spread in a less organized fashion, resulting in a..

A

Widened QRS complex

25
Q

What does a prolonged PR interval represent?

A

First degree heart block

26
Q

PR interval >0.2 seconds

A

First degree heart block

27
Q

Under normal circumstances, QRS complex mostly represents

A

Left ventricle

28
Q

PR interval represents the time that the impulse travels through the AV node. This interval is prolonged with a…

A

First degree heart block

29
Q

Which valves are the AV valves?

A

Mitral

Tricuspid

30
Q

Aortic and pulmonic valves lie between the _______ and their outflow vessels (aorta and pulmonary artery)

A

Ventricles

31
Q

Pulmonic valve lies between the _____ ventricle and the pulmonary artery

A

Right

32
Q

Aortic valve lies between the _____ ventricle and the aorta

A

Left

33
Q

Tricuspid valve is on which side of heart?

A

Right

tRIcuspid, RIght side

34
Q

Mitral (bicuspid) valve is on which side of heart?

A

Left

mitraL, Left side

35
Q

During systole, the ventricles…

A

Contract

forcefully expelling blood into outflow vessels

36
Q

During diastole, the ventricles..

A

Relax

ventricles fill with blood from the atria

37
Q

Which valves are closed during systole?

A 
AV valves (mitral and tricuspid)
**this prevents back flow of this blood from the ventricles to the atria
38
Q

Which valves are closed during diastole?

A

Aortic and pulmonic valves

**this prevents back flow of blood that has just been ejected during systole

39
Q

Patients with _______ _______ may have:

  1. downsloping ST segment depression
  2. T wave inversion
A

ventricular hypertrophy

Clin Med-Cardio pt 1 (10 decks)

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