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BIOLOGY > Macromolecules- unit 1 > Flashcards

Macromolecules- unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 macromolecules?

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

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2
Q

What is the monomer of nucleic acids?

A

Nucleotides

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2
Q

What is the monomer of carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharide

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3
Q

What elements do proteins contain?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

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4
Q

What is the monomer of lipids?

A

Fatty acids

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5
Q

What elements do carbs contain?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

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6
Q

What elements do nucleic acids contain?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus

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7
Q

What is the monomer of proteins?

A

Amino acids

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8
Q

What elements do lipids contain?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

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9
Q

What is the function of carbs?

A

main source of energy, used for structural purposes in plant cells

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10
Q

What is the function of lipids?

A

used to store long term energy, forms cell membranes, and waterproof coverings (protection)

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11
Q

What is the function of nucleic acids?

A

to store and transmit hereditary or genetic information

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12
Q

What is the function of proteins?

A

control the rate of reactions/enzymes and regulate cell processes, transport substances in/out of cells

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13
Q

Is glucose a monomer or polymer?

A

Monomer

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14
Q

What is an organic compound?

A

A compound that contains CARBON.

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15
Q

How do macromolecules form?

A

By polymerization

16
Q

What is a monosaccharide?

A

A carb that consists of one unit of sugar.

17
Q

What is a disaccharide?

A

A carb that consists of 2 units of sugar.

18
Q

What is a polysaccharide?

A

A complex carb with many sugar units.

19
Q

What are examples of of monosaccharides?

A

glucose, deoxyribose, ribose, fructose

20
Q

What are examples of disaccharides?

A

sucrose (glucose+fructose), lactose (glucose+galactose), maltose (glucose+glucose)

21
Q

What are examples of polysaccharides?

A

starch, glycogen, cellulose

22
Q

What are the 3 main types of lipids?

A

Triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids/waxes

23
Q

What is a difference between DNA and RNA?

A

-DNA is double stranded and RNA is single stranded.
-DNA contains deoxyribose and RNA contains ribose.

24
Q

What are the 3 “parts” of a nucleotide?

A

Phosphate, pentose sugar (DNA/RNA), and nitrogenous base

25
Q

Which macromolecule contains peptides?

A

Proteins

26
Q

What is a dipeptide?

A

2 amino acids

27
Q

What is a tripeptide?

A

3 amino acids

28
Q

What is a peptide?

A

2-50 amino acids

29
Q

What is a polypeptide?

A

51 or more peptides

30
Q

What are proteins?

A

more than 50 peptides (typically 100 to 10,000 amino acids linked together)

31
Q

Which macromolecule does not dissolve in water?

A

Lipids

BIOLOGY (10 decks)

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