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Biology 1 > Macromolecules, Kingdoms & Domains > Flashcards

Macromolecules, Kingdoms & Domains Flashcards

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1
Q

Define introns.

A

Stretches of DNA within a gene not used to make a gene product.

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2
Q

Define ribosomes.

A

Structures inside cells used to synthesize proteins (rRNA).

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3
Q

What is the order of appearance on Earth?

A

Prokaryotes, protist, animals, plants.

Prokaryote before Eukaryote
Unicellular before Multicellular
Water before Land

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4
Q

What are the macromolecules?

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins & nucleic acids.

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5
Q

Which macrom are polymers (repeating units)?

A

Carbs, proteins & nucleic acids.

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6
Q

Which macrom are composed of nucleotides?

A

Nucleic acids only.

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7
Q

Which macrom are composed of amino acids?

A

Proteins

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8
Q

Which macrom are synthesized in the human body?

A

ALL! Carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids.

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9
Q

Which macrom can be used as fuel?

A

Carbohydrates, lipids. (at last, proteins)

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10
Q

Which macrom used as hormones?

A

Proteins & Lipids.

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11
Q

Which macrom can provide structures & explain?

A

Carbohydrates (chitin for the external skeleton of insects) & proteins (microtubules provide structure to cells). (and phospholipids as membrane at last).

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12
Q

Which macrom contain C, H, O?

A

ALL! Because they all are organic molecules.

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13
Q

Give specifics examples of a protein.

A

Albumin, collagen, insuline, hemoglobin.

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14
Q

Give specific examples of a carbohydrate.

A

Glucose, fructose, starch

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15
Q

Give specifics examples of a nucleic acid (nucleotides).

A

Adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine (DNA) & uracil (RNA).

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16
Q

Give specifics examples of a lipid.

A

Testosterone (steroids).

17
Q

Function of carbohydrates.

A

Primary source of energy. Excess is stored for later use.

18
Q

Function of lipids.

A

Secondary source of energy stored for long term use.

Insulation, hormones, constitutes the cellular membrane, steroid.

19
Q

Function of proteins.

A

Transport, storage, structure, hormones, defence, enzymes.

20
Q

Function of nucleic acids.

A

Carry cells blueprint and instructions for its functioning. DNA for replication and controlling cellular activities. RNA for protein synthesis and regulation.

21
Q

What are the domains?

A

Bacteria, Archaea (prokaryotic) & Eukarya (eukaryotic).

22
Q

What domains have genes with introns?

A

Eukarya and some Archaea.

23
Q

What domains have internal membranes / organelles?

A

Eukarya.

24
Q

What are the ribosome size of the domains?

A

Bacteria & Archaea = 70S

Eukarya = 80S

25
Q

What is the cell membrane of Bacteria composed of?

A

Fatty acids + glycerol (unbranched tails)

26
Q

What is the cell membrane of Archaea composed of?

A

Hydrocarbons (isoprene chains) + glycerol (branched tails)

27
Q

What are the kingdoms?

A

Bacteria: Eubacteria
Archaea: Archaebacteria
Eukarya: Protista (slime molds, green algae, choanoflagellates), Fungi, Animals, Plants.

28
Q

Name the unicellular kingdoms.

A

Eubacteria and archaebacteria and protista (green algae).

29
Q

Name the multicellular kingdoms.

A

Fungi, animals and plants. (green algae is mostly uncicellular)

30
Q

What kingdoms are heterotrophs?

A

Bacteria, archaebacteria, fungi and animals.

31
Q

What kingdoms are autotrophs?

A

Green algae and plants.

32
Q

Which kingdoms have a cell wall?

A

Eubacteria, archaebacteria, protista, fungi, plants. (all except animals).

33
Q

Which kingdoms do sexual reproduction?

A

Animals, plants (maybe fungi)

34
Q

Which kingdoms do asexual reproduction?

A

Eubacteria, archaebacteria, protista, fungi and plants.

35
Q

Which kingdoms have organelles?

A

ALL! but only Eukaryotic have membrane bound organelles.

Biology 1 (9 decks)

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