Macromolecules, Kingdoms & Domains Flashcards
Define introns.
Stretches of DNA within a gene not used to make a gene product.
Define ribosomes.
Structures inside cells used to synthesize proteins (rRNA).
What is the order of appearance on Earth?
Prokaryotes, protist, animals, plants.
Prokaryote before Eukaryote
Unicellular before Multicellular
Water before Land
What are the macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins & nucleic acids.
Which macrom are polymers (repeating units)?
Carbs, proteins & nucleic acids.
Which macrom are composed of nucleotides?
Nucleic acids only.
Which macrom are composed of amino acids?
Proteins
Which macrom are synthesized in the human body?
ALL! Carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids.
Which macrom can be used as fuel?
Carbohydrates, lipids. (at last, proteins)
Which macrom used as hormones?
Proteins & Lipids.
Which macrom can provide structures & explain?
Carbohydrates (chitin for the external skeleton of insects) & proteins (microtubules provide structure to cells). (and phospholipids as membrane at last).
Which macrom contain C, H, O?
ALL! Because they all are organic molecules.
Give specifics examples of a protein.
Albumin, collagen, insuline, hemoglobin.
Give specific examples of a carbohydrate.
Glucose, fructose, starch
Give specifics examples of a nucleic acid (nucleotides).
Adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine (DNA) & uracil (RNA).
Give specifics examples of a lipid.
Testosterone (steroids).
Function of carbohydrates.
Primary source of energy. Excess is stored for later use.
Function of lipids.
Secondary source of energy stored for long term use.
Insulation, hormones, constitutes the cellular membrane, steroid.
Function of proteins.
Transport, storage, structure, hormones, defence, enzymes.
Function of nucleic acids.
Carry cells blueprint and instructions for its functioning. DNA for replication and controlling cellular activities. RNA for protein synthesis and regulation.
What are the domains?
Bacteria, Archaea (prokaryotic) & Eukarya (eukaryotic).
What domains have genes with introns?
Eukarya and some Archaea.
What domains have internal membranes / organelles?
Eukarya.
What are the ribosome size of the domains?
Bacteria & Archaea = 70S
Eukarya = 80S
What is the cell membrane of Bacteria composed of?
Fatty acids + glycerol (unbranched tails)
What is the cell membrane of Archaea composed of?
Hydrocarbons (isoprene chains) + glycerol (branched tails)
What are the kingdoms?
Bacteria: Eubacteria
Archaea: Archaebacteria
Eukarya: Protista (slime molds, green algae, choanoflagellates), Fungi, Animals, Plants.
Name the unicellular kingdoms.
Eubacteria and archaebacteria and protista (green algae).
Name the multicellular kingdoms.
Fungi, animals and plants. (green algae is mostly uncicellular)
What kingdoms are heterotrophs?
Bacteria, archaebacteria, fungi and animals.
What kingdoms are autotrophs?
Green algae and plants.
Which kingdoms have a cell wall?
Eubacteria, archaebacteria, protista, fungi, plants. (all except animals).
Which kingdoms do sexual reproduction?
Animals, plants (maybe fungi)
Which kingdoms do asexual reproduction?
Eubacteria, archaebacteria, protista, fungi and plants.
Which kingdoms have organelles?
ALL! but only Eukaryotic have membrane bound organelles.
