Macromolecules

Question 1

What makes up carbohydrates?

Answer 1

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 2

What is the general formula of carbohydrates?

Answer 2

CH2O

Question 3

What is another term for simple carbohydrates?

Answer 3

Sugars

Question 4

What is a pentose sugar?

Answer 4

A five sided sugar (5 carbon atoms)

Question 5

What is a hexose sugar?

Answer 5

A six-sided sugar (6 carbon atoms)

Question 6

What are some functions of carbohydrates?

Answer 6

Energy storage
Structure
Regulation of blood glucose

Question 7

Define a monomer

Answer 7

A repeating component of the same chemical structure
Sub-units that bind together to form chains or polymers
‘Building blocks’

Question 8

Define a polymer

Answer 8

A chain of monomers

Question 9

When more than two monomers form together it forms a _________

Answer 9

Polymer

Question 10

What are the carbohydrate monomers?

Answer 10

Monosaccharides

Question 11

What is a monosaccharide?

Answer 11

A single sugar molecule

Question 12

What are some examples of monosaccharides?

Answer 12

Glucose, fructose

Question 13

What is a disaccharide?

Answer 13

A double sugar molecule joined with a glycosidic bond

Question 14

Define glycosidic

Answer 14

A covalent bond joining carbohydrates

Question 15

What are some uses for disaccharides?

Answer 15

Energy sources
Building blocks for larger molecules
A way to transport glucose

Question 16

What is a condensation reaction?

Answer 16

When two molecules join and water is formed

Question 17

What forms sucrose?

Answer 17

Glucose + fructose

Question 18

What forms lactose?

Answer 18

Galactose + glucose

Question 19

What forms maltose?

Answer 19

Glucose + glucose

Question 20

What is a polysaccharide?

Answer 20

A carbohydrate polymer

Question 21

What are some examples of polysaccharides?

Answer 21

Cellulose, starch and glycogen

Question 22

Define nucleic acid

Answer 22

A class of compounds used to store and use hereditary information (DNA)

Question 23

What is the nucleic acid monomer?

Answer 23

Nucleotides

Question 24

What three main components make up nucleotides?

Answer 24

A sugar
A phosphate group
A nitrogenous base

Question 25

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 25

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 26

What does RNA stand for?

Answer 26

Ribonucleic acid

Question 27

What are the five nucleotide bases?

Answer 27

``` Guanine Cytosine Adenine Thymine Uracil (RNA only) ```

Question 28

Do DNA and RNA share the same bases?

Answer 28

Guanine, cytosine and adenine stay unchanged | In RNA, thymine is replaced with uracil

Question 29

Define DNA's structure

Answer 29

A double helix structure | Two DNA polymers joined together

Question 30

What bonds form DNA?

Answer 30

The phosphate and sugar groups form strong covalent bonds while the nitrogenous bases form weak hydrogen bonds

Question 31

Which bases join together?

Answer 31

``` Guanine = Cytosine Adenine = Thymine/Uracil ```

Question 32

What are the differences between DNA and RNA?

Answer 32

Deoxyribonucleic acid. Vs Ribonucleic acid GCAT Vs. GCAU Double stranded. Vs single stranded Larger than RNA. Vs. Shorter than DNA

Question 33

What are the protein monomers?

Answer 33

Amino acids

Question 34

How many amino acids are there?

Answer 34

20 naturally occurring amino acids

Question 35

What makes up an amino acid?

Answer 35

An amino group, carboxyl group, a carbon, a hydrogen and a unique side chain group known as the R-group

Question 36

What is the role of an amino acid's R-group?

Answer 36

The R group gives each amino acid its unique characteristic

Question 37

How many different proteins can humans produce?

Answer 37

At least 100000

Question 38

DNA codes for protein structure. The range of proteins formed from our DNA is called our _______

Answer 38

Proteome

Question 39

The bond between Amino acid monomers is called a _________

Answer 39

Peptide bond

Question 40

Joining two Amino Acids creates a what?

Answer 40

Dipeptide

Question 41

Joining many amino acid monomers forms a what?

Answer 41

Polypeptide

Question 42

What are the four levels, in order, of protein structure?

Answer 42

Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

Question 43

What is a primary protein structure?

Answer 43

An amino acid sequence (polypeptide)

Question 44

What is a secondary protein structure?

Answer 44

The shape of the polypeptide chain | An alpha-Helix coil or beta-pleated sheet

Question 45

What is a tertiary protein structure?

Answer 45

A folded protein

Question 46

What is a quaternary protein structure?

Answer 46

A protein containing more than one polypeptide chain | Combining two or more proteins units

Question 47

What are the two types of proteins?

Answer 47

Globular and fibrous

Question 48

What is a globular protein?

Answer 48

Soluble in Aquarius solutions

Question 49

What is a fibrous protein?

Answer 49

Insoluble

Question 50

Where are proteins produced?

Answer 50

Ribosomes

Question 51

How do you form a glycoproteins?

Answer 51

Modify a protein by adding carbohydrates

Question 52

How do you form a lipoprotein?

Answer 52

Modify a protein by adding fatty acids