Cell Organelles

Question 1

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 1

To provide structure, protection and to regulate the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Question 2

What is the cell membrane composed of?

Answer 2

phospholipids and proteins

Question 3

What is another name for the cell membrane?

Answer 3

Phospholipid bilayer

Question 4

What is the function of a ribosome?

Answer 4

To translate mRNA into proteins (protein synthesis)

Question 5

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 5

To produce ATP (cellular respiration) and to regulate cellular metabolism

Question 6

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 6

To modify, sort and package proteins and lipids

Question 7

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 7

To transport synthesized proteins in vesicles to the Golgi apparatus

Question 8

What is the function of a chloroplast?

Answer 8

To convert light energy from the sun into food (photosynthesis)
(found in plant cells only)

Question 9

What is the function of a centriole?

Answer 9

To aid in cell division in animal cells (Mitosis & Meiosis)

Question 10

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 10

To provide structural support

found in plant cells only

Question 11

What is the function of a lysosome?

Answer 11

Digestion of excess or worn out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria.

Question 12

What is the function of a vacuole?

Answer 12

A membrane bound organelle which serves either as storage for food and nutrients (both animal and plant cells) and as structural support (plant cells only)

Question 13

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 13

To contain the cell’s genetic material (DNA)

Question 14

What is the function of the cytosol?

Answer 14

It has no real function, apart from being the fluid in which the cell organelles reside

Question 15

What is the difference between the endoplasmic reticulum and rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 15

The rough endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes on its surface

Question 16

What is an eukaryotic cell?

Answer 16

a cell with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

Question 17

What is a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 17

a cell that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus or membrane-bound organelles

Question 18

what is the structure of the phospholipid bilayer?

Answer 18

two layers of phospholipids: each phospholipid with a glycerol head and fatty acid chains tail
embedded with protein channels, glycoproteins and glycolipids

Question 19

How is the phospholipid bilayer arranged?

Answer 19

With the hydrophilic heads (of the phospholipids) pointing outwards towards the inner and outer cell and hydrophobic tails pointing into the bilayer
OOOOO
 ΛΛΛΛΛ
 VVVVV
OOOOO

Question 20

define hydrophilic

Answer 20

water loving (attracted to water)

Question 21

define hydrophobic

Answer 21

water hating (repelled by water)

Question 22

What is a channel protein?

Answer 22

a protein embedded into he phospholipid bilayer which allows the transport of specific substances into and out of the cell

Question 23

What are protein pumps?

Answer 23

responsible for pumping substances into and out of the cell through the phospholipid bilayer, often against a concentration gradient

Question 24

What are glycoproteins and glycolipids?

Answer 24

proteins embedded on the surface of the phospholipid bilayer which act as markers for cell recognition and can act as cell receptor sites