Cell Organelles Flashcards
What is the function of the cell membrane?
To provide structure, protection and to regulate the movement of substances into and out of the cell
What is the cell membrane composed of?
phospholipids and proteins
What is another name for the cell membrane?
Phospholipid bilayer
What is the function of a ribosome?
To translate mRNA into proteins (protein synthesis)
What is the function of the mitochondria?
To produce ATP (cellular respiration) and to regulate cellular metabolism
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
To modify, sort and package proteins and lipids
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
To transport synthesized proteins in vesicles to the Golgi apparatus
What is the function of a chloroplast?
To convert light energy from the sun into food (photosynthesis)
(found in plant cells only)
What is the function of a centriole?
To aid in cell division in animal cells (Mitosis & Meiosis)
What is the function of the cell wall?
To provide structural support
found in plant cells only
What is the function of a lysosome?
Digestion of excess or worn out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria.
What is the function of a vacuole?
A membrane bound organelle which serves either as storage for food and nutrients (both animal and plant cells) and as structural support (plant cells only)
What is the function of the nucleus?
To contain the cell’s genetic material (DNA)
What is the function of the cytosol?
It has no real function, apart from being the fluid in which the cell organelles reside
What is the difference between the endoplasmic reticulum and rough endoplasmic reticulum?
The rough endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes on its surface
What is an eukaryotic cell?
a cell with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
What is a prokaryotic cell?
a cell that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
what is the structure of the phospholipid bilayer?
two layers of phospholipids: each phospholipid with a glycerol head and fatty acid chains tail
embedded with protein channels, glycoproteins and glycolipids
How is the phospholipid bilayer arranged?
With the hydrophilic heads (of the phospholipids) pointing outwards towards the inner and outer cell and hydrophobic tails pointing into the bilayer OOOOO ΛΛΛΛΛ VVVVV OOOOO
define hydrophilic
water loving (attracted to water)
define hydrophobic
water hating (repelled by water)
What is a channel protein?
a protein embedded into he phospholipid bilayer which allows the transport of specific substances into and out of the cell
What are protein pumps?
responsible for pumping substances into and out of the cell through the phospholipid bilayer, often against a concentration gradient
What are glycoproteins and glycolipids?
proteins embedded on the surface of the phospholipid bilayer which act as markers for cell recognition and can act as cell receptor sites
