macromolecules

Question 1

electronegativity

Answer 1

measure of an atom’s ability to pull electrons from another atom

Question 2

lattice

Answer 2

3-D structure of atoms/ ions/ molecules in a crystal

Question 3

hydrogen bond

Answer 3

attraction between hydrogen covalently bonded with electronegative atoms like Oxygen, Fluorine, or Chlorine and another electronegative atom that is different molecule or different parts of same molecule.

Question 4

hydrogen bond form molecules like water. true /false

Answer 4

false, hydrogen bond is not a chemical bond. So, do not form molecules. but stabilize the overall structure of water compound.

Question 5

sulfhydryl bond

Answer 5

stabilize the structure of proteins

Question 6

strength between ionic, polar and non polar covalent bond

Answer 6

polar c. b> nonpolar c. b > ionic b

Question 7

Cohesion

Answer 7

ability of water to stick together like surface tension

Question 8

what makes water a universal solvent?

Answer 8

collective strength of Hydrogen atom keeps ions of other compound apart.

Question 9

functional group

Answer 9

small molecular groups that provide functional properties to molecules

Question 10

hydrolysis

Answer 10

water acquiring reaction that breaks a polymer into monomers.

Question 11

most abundant biological molecule

Answer 11

Carbohydrates

Question 12

Maltose monosaccharides are?

Answer 12

Glucose

Question 13

monosaccharides are bonded by?

Answer 13

Glycosidic bond(covalent bond)

Question 14

cellulose

Answer 14

structural polysaccharide of lant cell wall, polymer of glucose

Question 15

trans fat

Answer 15

rarely occurs in nature, not good for health

Question 16

sucrose?

Answer 16

glucose and fructose

Question 17

Glycogen

Answer 17

storage polysaccharide in animals, fungi and some bacteria

Question 18

starch

Answer 18

storage polysaccharide of plants, polymer of glucose

Question 19

Amylose

Answer 19

simplest form of Starch

Question 20

Why cellulose cannot be digested by humans?

Answer 20

Enzymes cannot hydrolyze beta linkages

Question 21

chitin

Answer 21

structural polysaccharide, found in the exoskeleton of arthropods and many fungi

Question 22

fats

Answer 22

a type of lipid, made up of glycerol and fatty acid, hydrophobic

Question 23

triglycerides

Answer 23

type of fat where three fatty acids are joined to glycerol

Question 24

waxes

Answer 24

coating on plants to prevent water loss
structure: alcohol and fatty acid

Question 25

lipids

Answer 25

hydrophobic, not true polymers: fats, phospholipids and steroids

Question 26

phosholipids

Answer 26

a lipid, two fatty acids and a phosphate group are attached to glycerol. 2 fatty acids make hydrophobic tails a phosphate group and its attachment form a hydrophilic head

Question 27

steroids

Answer 27

a lipid, characterized by a carbon skeleton of 4 fused rings

Question 28

cholesterol

Answer 28

steroid, created by liver make other steroids

Question 29

Bad cholesterol

Answer 29

LDL (low density lipoprotein): carries cholesterol to our cell and to much LDL can build up layer in our artery walls, causing them to narrow.

Question 30

lipoprotein function

Answer 30

to transport proteins

Question 31

Good cholesterol

Answer 31

HDL carries excess cholesterol in the blood to liver which breaks down and remove from your body.

Question 32

most biologically diverse molecule?

Answer 32

Protein

Question 33

hormonal protein:

Answer 33

regulate organism's activity like insulin

Question 34

proteins are all constructed from? sets of amino acids

Answer 34

20

Question 35

secondary structure of protein? and is like this because of ?

Answer 35

are coiled called alpha helix or folded called beta pleated, due to hydrogen bonding of the peptide backbone

Question 36

why your hair is not straight anymore?

Answer 36

disulfide bond formed between Cysteine amino acids of Keratin molecules break

Question 37

quaternary structure examples?

Answer 37

when two or more different types of polypeptides form one macromolecule like hemoglobin, collagen

Question 38

receptor protein

Answer 38

it prepares cell to give response to stimuli

Question 39

tertiary protein

Answer 39

folded like a network, resulted due to interactions between R group like hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, van der waals, disulfide bonds

Question 40

structural protein

Answer 40

support your body like keratin, collagen

Question 41

Amino Acids

Answer 41

organic molecules with amino group (-NH2) and carboxyl group

Question 42

contractile and motor protein

Answer 42

helps in movement like actin, myosin

Question 43

amino acids differ in their properties due to which group

Answer 43

R group

Question 44

storage protein

Answer 44

stores amino acids like ovalbumin, casein

Question 45

primary structure of protein

Answer 45

sequence of a chain of amino acids

Question 46

nucleic acids are polymer of

Answer 46

nucleotides

Question 47

amino acids sequence in polypeptide is programmed by

Answer 47

gene

Question 48

denaturation

Answer 48

the loss of proteins native structure, caused by physical and chemical conditions

Question 49

nitrogen bases of RNA

Answer 49

Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, and Cytosine

Question 50

Nucleotides are tied together by:

Answer 50

Phosphodiester bond

Question 51

complementary base pair of Adenine

Answer 51

Thymine

Question 51

shape of DNA vs RNA

Answer 51

DNA always exist as double helix but RNA exists in more variable form

Question 52

prions

Answer 52

misfolded proteins

Question 53

prions diseases example

Answer 53

mad cow disease

Question 54

nucleotides

Answer 54

made up of sugar, phosphate group and nitrogen base, store, transmit and help express hereditary information

Question 55

nitrogen bases of DNA

Answer 55

A, T, G, C

Question 56

Nucleotide

Answer 56

nitrogen base, sugar, phosphate

Question 57

purines

Answer 57

A, G

Question 58

nucleoside

Answer 58

nitrogenous base and sugar

Question 59

gene expression

Answer 59

the process where DNA makes mRNA and then protein