DNA

Question 1

Genotype

Answer 1

genetic message

Question 2

Central Dogma

Answer 2

DNA to RNA to Protein, this path is central Dogma

Question 3

transcription takes place in

Answer 3

DNA to RNA, in nucleus

Question 4

PHENOTYPE

Answer 4

physical expression of genetic expression

Question 5

Translation takes place in

Answer 5

RNA to proteins, outside of nucleus in ribosomes

Question 6

HOW is the genotype translated into phenotypes?

Answer 6

by the formation of proteins

Question 7

who first transferred hereditary material from dead cells to live cells

Answer 7

Griffith, R cells-not deadly; S cells: Deadly

Question 8

Hershey and Chase experiment

Answer 8

proved DNA is the hereditary material, not protein; protein parts of the virus is labeled with 35S, stayed outside the bacteria
DNA of viruses, labeled with 32P, entered the bacteria

Question 9

Watson and Crick

Answer 9

built an alpha double helix model of DNA that says a DNA molecule consists of two nucleotides chains (strands) running in opposite directions and coiled into double helix.
Base pairs form on the inside of the helix, held together by hydrogen bonds.

Question 10

Avery and McCarthy

Answer 10

find ‘DNA’ as the hereditary material from Griffith experiment

Question 11

Chargaff’s first rule

Answer 11

A=T, G =C : the amount of Adenine and thymine in DNA are the same, Guanine and Cytosine are the same

Question 12

each chromosome consists of …… strand of DNA

Answer 12

one strand of DNA

Question 13

sister chromatids

Answer 13

when cell prepares to divide, it duplicates all of its chromosomes and each duplicated chromosome has two DNA strands like X, and each bunched filament is called a sister chromatid. joined together at centromere.

Question 15

Chargaff’s second rule

Answer 15

the portion of Adenine and Guanine differs between different species of organisms.