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macromolecules Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the two types of Nucleic Acids?

A

DNA and RNA

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2
Q

What elements make up proteins?

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen (CHON)

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3
Q

Glucose is an example of what type of macromolecule?

A

carbohydrates

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4
Q

What is the name of the single units that link together to form macromolecules?

A

monomers

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5
Q

name three types of carbohydrates

A

monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides

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6
Q

Some fats are solid at room temperatures. These fats are called __________ fats.

A

saturated

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7
Q

What are the two types of macromolecules that consist of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen?

A

lipids and carbohydrates

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8
Q

The monomer with a phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen base is called a ________.

A

nucleotide

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9
Q

what are the monomers of proteins?

A

amino acids

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10
Q

what is the name of the molecule that has a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails?

A

phospholipids

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11
Q

This macromolecules consists of the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.

A

nucleic acid

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12
Q

Cellulose is an important component for the structure of plant cell walls. What type of molecule is cellulose?

A

phlysaccharide

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13
Q

Fatty acids and glycerol are the
common components of which
macromolecule?

A

lipid

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14
Q

Which macromolecule has many
different functions, including
working as enzymes that speed
up reactions?

A

protein

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15
Q

Bread, candy, pasta, and fruits
are all foods that have high
amounts of this macromolecule.

A

carbohydrates

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16
Q

Which macromolecule contains
essential genetic information for
organisms?

A

nucleic acids

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17
Q

What is the monomer of
carbohydrates?

A

monosaccharide

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18
Q

Foods such as nuts, beans, and
meats are high in which
macromolecule?

A

protein

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19
Q

what type of nucleic acid is double stranded?

A

DNA

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20
Q

Which macromolecule functions
as a long-term energy storage
molecule?

A

lipids

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21
Q

Nucleotides are the monomer
for which macromolecule?

A

Nucleic acids

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22
Q

Keratin makes up hair and nails.
What type of macromolecule is
it?

A

protein

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23
Q

Foods such as olive oil, butter,
and avocado are high in which
macromolecule?

A

lipids

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24
Q

What is a carbohydrate made of
2 monomers called?

A

disaccharides

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25
Q

What is the term that describes
the polymer of a protein that
gets folded into a 3D shape?

A

polypeptides

26
Q

Which macromolecule will you
not find on a nutrition facts
label because it is found in all
living things?

A

nucleic acids

27
Q

This macromolecule has a
function as an immediate
energy source.

A

carbs

28
Q

Which type of macromolecules
consists of all hydrophobic
molecules?

A

lipids

29
Q

what macromolecule is Responsible for waterproofing molecules

A

lipids

30
Q

what macromolecule’s Examples include oils, waxes, and butters

A

lipids

31
Q

what macromolecule is comprised of nucleotide

A

nucleic acids

32
Q

what macromolecule is comprised of saccharides or sugars

A

carbohydrates

33
Q

what macromolecule is composed of amino acids

A

protein

34
Q

what macromolecule Serves also as enzymes that speed up cellular processes

A

protein

35
Q

what macromolecule are Polymers of amino acids?

A

protein

36
Q

DNA and RNA are examples of these macromolecules

A

nucleic acids, (nucleotides)

37
Q

breads, pastas, and fruits are examples of this macromolecule

A

carboydrates

38
Q

what macromolecule is made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygn

A

carbohydrates and lipids

39
Q

what macromolecule inclides tryglicerides and phospholipids

A

lipids

40
Q

macro means ______

A

large

41
Q

macromolecules are ________ _________ that are critically important to all living things

A

large molecules

42
Q

Macromolecules are made of ___________

A

monomers

43
Q

monomers are: _____________

A

one unit of a macromolecule

44
Q

monomers join together to form ______

A

polymers

45
Q

polymers are:__________

A

strands of many monomers joined together

46
Q

_______________ ________________ is how a monomer becomes a polymer

A

dehydration synthesis

47
Q

______________ is how a polymer becomes a monomer

A

hydrolysis

48
Q

During dehydration synthesis, we have to ___________________ for the monomers to become polymers

A

remove a water molecule

49
Q

during hydrolysis, we have to __________________ for the polymers to break back down into monomers

A

add a water molecule

50
Q

there are four types of macromolecules:

A

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

51
Q

what is the function for carbohydrates?

A

energy and structure

52
Q

what is the function for lipids?

A

energy storage, forms cell membranes, body insulation

53
Q

saturated: _______ at room temp
example: butter

A

solid

54
Q

unsaturated: _______ at room temp
example: oil

A

liquid

55
Q

what is the function for proteins? (a little bit of everything)

A

muscle contractions, cell transport, they also act as enzymes

56
Q

what is the function for nucleic acids?

A

storing and transmitting instructions to make proteins

57
Q

DNA is (double or single) stranded

A

double

58
Q

RNA is (double or single) stranded

A

single

59
Q

proteins structure starts with the _____________ structure, to the ___________ structure, then the ________ structure, then finally we end up with the __________ structure

A

primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

60
Q

food examples of carbs: (give 3)

A

candy, pasta, bread

61
Q

food examples of lipids: (some are good and some are not, give one good and bad oil, and one good and bad fat)

A

vegetable oil, olive oil (good)
cheese, nuts (good)

62
Q

food examples of proteins: (give 4)

A

eggs, meats, nuts, beans

biology (5 decks)

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