Enzymes

Question 1

An enzyme is what type of organic compound (macromolecule)?

Answer 1

protein

Question 2

What are the 2 main functions of enzymes?

Answer 2

they speed up chemical reactions and lower activation energy

Question 3

Changing substances by breaking and forming bonds is a chemical _____

Answer 3

reaction

Question 4

The energy needed to start a chemical reaction is called _______ energy

Answer 4

activation

Question 5

true or false: all chemical reactions need activation energy to start

Answer 5

true

Question 6

In a chemical reaction, the reactants are:

Answer 6

changed as they go into the reaction

Question 7

In a chemical reaction, the products are:

Answer 7

the substances that are made by a chemical reaction

Question 8

Where are the reactants located in a diagram of a chemical reaction?

Answer 8

on the left side

Question 9

Where are the products located in a diagram of a chemical reaction?

Answer 9

on the right side

Question 10

Where might the enzyme/catalyst be located in a diagram of a chemical reaction?

Answer 10

above the arrow

Question 11

Enzymes catalyze many important chemical reactions. Name one

Answer 11

digestion

Question 12

with enzymes, the reactant is the ______

Answer 12

substrate

Question 13

enzymes are _______, meaning they speed up reactions

Answer 13

catalysts

Question 14

enzymes speed up reactions by lowering what?

Answer 14

activation energy

Question 15

What is activation energy?

Answer 15

the energy needed to start chemical reactions

Question 16

During the 1st step of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, what happens?

Answer 16

the substrate binds to the enzyme’s active site

Question 17

During the 2nd step the enzyme-substrate complex is formed and the __________ takes place

Answer 17

reaction (making and breaking of bonds)

Question 18

During the 3rd step of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction the ________ is released from the enzyme and the enzyme remains _______________

Answer 18

product; unchanged and ready to bind again

Question 19

in which step is the enzyme facilitating the reaction?

Answer 19

2

Question 20

in which step is the substrate binding to the enzyme’s active site?

Answer 20

1

Question 21

in which step is the enzyme releasing the product?

Answer 21

3

Question 22

true or false: enzymes have a unique shape that only fits one substrate

Answer 22

true

Question 23

Explain the lock and key model of enzymes and substrates

Answer 23

substrates and enzymes fit together like a key fits into a lock

Question 24

true or false: enzymes can break bonds sand form bonds to produce new products

Answer 24

true

Question 25

An enzyme’s shape is essential to its___________

Answer 25

function

Question 26

What is denaturation?

Answer 26

when the environment changes the enzyme’s shape and causes the reaction to cease.

Question 27

an increase in temperature will _____ the rate of reaction

Answer 27

increase

Question 28

what happens in the temperature get too high for the enzyme?

Answer 28

it denatures the enzyme

Question 29

what happens to the enzyme if the pH is too high or too low?

Answer 29

the enzyme will denature

Question 30

how do inhibitors affect the enzyme?

Answer 30

they can prevent the substrate from properly binding or they could get in the way and interfere by bonding to the enzyme

Question 31

the names of enzymes often end with what 3 letters?

Answer 31

ase

Question 32

in the induced fit model the change in shape of the enzyme causes some of the bonds in the substrate to _______, which lessens the activation energy needed to break the bonds and start the reaction.

Answer 32

weaken