Macrocytic anaemia Flashcards
What is macrocytic anaemia?
An anaemia (low Hb) with unusually large cells (high MCV> 100fL)
What are the risk factors of macrocytic anaemia?
> Vegan diets > Other dietary causes > Gastrectomy > IBD/ AI (pernicious) > Cancer > Alcohol > Liver disease
What are the signs and symptoms of macrocytic anaemia?
Weakness paleness exhaustion redness or swelling of the tongue (glossitis) diarrhea low appetite depression confusion infertility
What is the epidemiology of macrocytic anaemia?
Macrocytosis affects 2% to 4% of the population, 60% of whom have anemia. Alcohol use accounts for the majority, followed by deficiencies in folate and vitamin B12 and medications.
What investigations would you do for macrocytic anaemia?
> FBC
Anti-IF antibodies
Anti parietal cell antibodies
What is the management of macrocytic anaemia?
> B12/ folate supplementation (e.g. injection)
Diet
Alcohol cessation
What are the complications of macrocytic anaemia?
These complications can include permanent damage to your nervous system. Extreme vitamin B-12 deficiencies may cause long-term neurologic complications. They include peripheral neuropathy and dementia.
What is the prognosis of macrocytic anaemia?
> Pretty good