Machine Gun Employment Flashcards
What are the classes of fire?
Respect to the weapon, ground or target
Classification of MG fires in relation to the ground
Plunging fire, grazing fire
Classification of MG fired in relation to the target
Flanking
frontal
oblique
enfilade
Classification of MG fired in relation to the gun
Fixed Traverse Search Search and traverse Swinging traverse Free gun
Describe fixed fires
Fire delivered on a point with little or no manipulation of the gun
Describe traverse
Fire delivered against a wide target requiring changes in direction
Describe searching fires
Fire delivered against targets in depth requiring changes in elevation
Describe traverse and search
Fire delivered against an oblique target requiring changes in both direction and elevation
Describe swinging traverse
Fire directed against targets which require major changes in direction with little or no change in elevation
Free gun
Fire directed against a target which requires major changes in both elevation and direction
Describe flanking fire
Fires on the flank of the target when the target is oriented 90deg off the long axis of the weapon
Describe frontal fire
When the front of the target is 90deg off the long axis of the gun
Describe oblique fire
When the long axis of the target is at anything other than 90deg off long axis of the gun
Describe enfilade fire
The long axis of the beaten zone coincides or nearly coincides with the long axis of the target
Describe danger space
When firing over terrain, any space up to 1.8m above the ground (avg. height of man) is danger zone
Describe plunging fire
Where the danger space is confined to the beaten zone. This is obtained by firing from high to low, or low to high when using long range fires
Describe grazing fire
Where the center of the cone of fire never rises above 1m off the ground out to 600m. Most effective type of fire
Keys to overhead fire
Coordination, communication, and situational awareness
Explain come of fire
Each round in a burst has slightly different trajectory, and the pattern created is the cone of fire
Gun configuration required for over head fire
Must use a tripod/Vic mount, and a T&E, from an elevated position
Gunners rule
Jen
5 safety measures for overhead fires
Securely replaced mount Stops to prevent barrel dipping Avoid overhead obstacles Ensure entire gun crew knows safety limits Use reliable barrels
Define defilade position
When a gunner and crew are completely masked by terrain
What does a defilade positing require
An observer to the read and online with the gunner/target
What are some methods of fire control
Verbal Hand arm signals Prearranged signals Personal contact Range cards SOPs
What are 6 elements of fire command
ADD-RMC Alert Direction Description Range Method of fire Command to fire
What are 8 principles of machine gun employment
PIC-M-DEEP Pairs Interlocking fires Coordinating fires Mutual support Defilade Enfilade Economy of ammo/forces Protection
How are gun teams best employed?
Use channelizing obstacles
Mutually support with other wins
Have pri. Alt. And sup. Positions
Define stand off
Distance between your MGs max effective range and the enemy’s
What are the 3 types of fire
Sustained
Rapid
Cyclic
Rated of fire for M249SAW
Sus: 50RPM, 3-5RB, BC=10min
Rap: 100RPM, 6-8RB, BC=2min
Cyc: 850RPM, continuous, BC=1min
Rates for M240B
Sus: 100 RPM, 6-9RB, BC=10 min
Rap: 200RPM, 10-12 RB, BC=2min
Cyc: 650-950, BC=1min
Technique for football field air defense
Fast mover =2 fields
Slow mover= 1/2 field
3 types of wire obstacles
Protective
Tactical
Supplementary
Define sector of fire
An area covered by fire assigned to an individual, wpn system or unit. Gunners assigned primary and secondary
Define FPF
Final protective fire is an immediately available prearranged barrier of fire to stop enemy movement across defensive lines or areas
Define FPL
Final protective line= predetermined line along which grazing fire is used to halt enemy assault
What is a PDF
Principle direction of fire= direction of fire assigned priority to cover an area with good fields of fire or a likely AOA. Also can provide mutual support to adjacent unit
On M122 Tripod T&E what is the scale graded by
5 mil increments
What are the limits of M122 traverse bar
450 mile left
425 mil right
875 mil total
What is total range of M122 traverse hand wheel?
100 mils, but usually 80-90
Range of mild on elevating hand wheel on M122
Up 200 mils
Down 200 mils
Total 400 mils
1 complete rotation=50 mil
What’s the military designation for standard range card?
DA form 5517-R
What’s the range of elevation scale for M192 tripod?
0-530mils
What’s the range of traverse scale for M192
0-900mils
How many mils does one full handle manipulation equal?
Approx. 5mil
One mil readable, not adjustable
Define beaten zone
Elliptical pattern formed by rounds striking ground/target
The size and shape of zone changes due to range and terrain
Method for determining dead space along grazing fire line
Soldier walks the line, during periods his waist drops out of visibility is dead space
What are the 5 characteristics of fire
Trajectory Max ord Cone of fire Beaten zone Danger space
8 Minimum standards for range card
Weapon symbol Sector of fire PDF/FPL Range/direction and #label for predetermined targets Dead space Distance/direction from known point/8dig grid Mag. North arrow Data section
How does beaten zone change due to range
Long range=short beaten zone
Short range= long beaten zone
Short men deserve long beating
How does beaten zone change due to sloping terrain?
Uphill terrain= tight pattern
Downhill= long pattern
How deep should MG platform be?
6”
Gunner should only move gun and not tripod from pri position to sec position
True
Any asset, direct or indirect can cover MG dead space
True
What’s the manual for crew served weapons
FM3-22.68
What classification of fire with respect to targets should in depth targets get
Targets in depth=searching fire
Respect to ground
Grazing, plunging
Respect to weapon
Fixed Traverse Search Search travers Swinging traverse Free gun
Respect to target
Frontal
Flanking
Oblique
Enfilade
Gunners rule
Target between 350 and 850m
Lay gun sights on target
Raise sights to 1000m and depress elevation 10 mil to determine troop safe line
Return gun sights to target
Type of targets with type of fire with respect to weapon
Point=fixed Area=traverse and search Linear= traverse Deep= searching fire Linear with depth= traverse and search
