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Anes Pharm Spring 2025 Updated > MAC & Volatile Properties > Flashcards

MAC & Volatile Properties Flashcards

1
Q

0.1 MAC

A

↓ hypoxic response by 50% - 70%

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2
Q

0.25 MAC

A

Ischemic Pre-conditioning Protection (brain/heart/renal)

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3
Q

0.4 MAC

A

↓ CMRO₂ & cerebral activity begins

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4
Q

> 0.5 MAC

A
  • Nitrous PRO-emetic
  • Halothane LOST Autoregulation
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5
Q

> 0.6 MAC

A

↑ Cerebral BF

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6
Q

> 0.8 MAC
- Volatile of choice?

A
  • ↑ ICP by 7 mmHg
  • Sevo = Volatile of choice
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7
Q

< 1 MAC

A

To avoid Nitrous gas diffusion into air-filled space

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8
Q

1 MAC

A
  • N₂O 60% + 0.5 MAC volatile = adequate SSEP/MEPs monitoring (synergistic)
  • 50% of patients won’t move with supra-maximal stimuli
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9
Q

> 1 MAC

A
  • SEVO: PRESERVES Autoregulation up to 1 MAC
  • SEVO LOST Autoregulation AFTER 1 MAC (so 1.1 MAC & up)
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10
Q

1 - 2 MAC

A

NO CHANGE in baseline pulm resistance in absence of bronchospasm

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11
Q

1.1 MAC

A
  • ↓ hypoxic response by 100%
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12
Q

1.5 MAC

A
  • Burst suppression
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13
Q

> 1.5 MAC

A
  • Sevo causes tachycardia only at MAC greater than 1.5
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14
Q

2 MAC

A
  • Electrical silence
  • ↓HPV response 50%
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15
Q

> 2 MAC

A

Enflurane: proconvulsant

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16
Q

0.3 - 0.5

A

Awake Anesthesia

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17
Q

0.5 - 1

A

DECREASED uterine smooth muscle contraction

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18
Q

0.5 - 1.5

A
  • Iso + Des LOST Autoregulation
  • SSEPs & MEPs unreliable: ↓ amplitude/ ↑ latency
19
Q

1 - 1.5

A
  • ↑ Hepatic Portal Vein

Be careful; there are 2 “HPV”

20
Q

1.5 - 2.0 MAC

21
Q

1.7 - 2.0

A
  • MACBAR: Blunt Autonomic reflexes
22
Q

Which volatile causes the most dose-dependent CV depression?

A
  • Halothane “Halo = Heart”
  • ↓MAP, contactility, SVR, CO
23
Q

T/F: Nitrous causes CV depression.

A
  • FALSE
  • All volatiles cause CV depression EXCEPT nitrous oxide.
24
Q

Which volatile causes mild ↑ in CO?

A
  • Nitrous
  • Sympathomimetic
25
Q

Which volatile(s) increase refractoriness of accessory pathways?

A
  • Isoflurane (Forane)
26
Q

Volatile of choice: bronchospasm risk

27
Q

List volatiles in order of increasing respiratory airway resistance (bronchospasm).
(highest risk to lowest)

A
  1. Des (esp. smokers)
  2. Thiopental
  3. Iso
  4. Halothane
  5. Sevo
28
Q

T/F: Nitrous does not cause skeletal muscle relaxation

29
Q

Which volatiles have anticonvulsant properties at high concentrations w/ hypercarbia?

A
  • The Big 3
  • Des
  • Iso
    -Sevo
30
Q

Which volatile has the least vasodilatory effects?

31
Q

Which volatile has the worst vasodilatory effects?

A

Halo
- ↑CBF, ICP
- Avoid in neuro patients

32
Q
  • Which volatile(s) blunt autonomic response?
  • Which volatile(s) blunt hypercarbic response?
A
  • all INLCUDING Nitrous
  • all EXCEPT Nitrous (less depression Des + N₂O > Des + O₂)
33
Q

Which volatile causes severe tachycardia?
- How?

A
  • Des even at low MAC
  • Over-pressurization
34
Q

Volatile of choice for ablation?

35
Q

Which volatile decrease hepatic BF?

A
  • Halothane “H = Hepatic”
  • ↓ O₂ delivery
36
Q

Which Volatiles (3) metabolize to Acetyl Halide from greatest to least?
- Significance?

A
  • Enflurane > Iso > Des
  • Can cause Antibody reaction
37
Q

Which Volatile(s) metabolize to Vinyl Halide from greatest to least?
- Significance?

A
  • Trick! SEVO only
  • Unable to form antibodies
38
Q

Volatile that causes Fluoride toxicity

A

Methoxyflurane

39
Q

What volatile forms Compound A?

A
  • Sevo (+ CO₂ absorbents)
40
Q

Nitrous: Metabolic effects (3)
Think “BMP”

A
  • B₁₂ deficiency
  • Megaloblastic bone marrow suppression
  • Plasma homocysteine Increase
41
Q

Which volatile increases analgesia for uterine contrations?

42
Q

Order of CO absorbent degradation from highest to lowest?

A
  1. Desflurane (Suprane)
  2. Enflurane
  3. Isoflurane (Forane)
  4. Sevoflurane (Ultane)
43
Q

Halothane concerns:
Think COPD

A
  • Catecholamine-induced arrythmias
  • Occasional hepatic necrosos
  • Pedi brady-arrythmias
  • Decomposition to HCL acid (thymol preservative added)
44
Q

Which volatiles enhance dose-dependent skeletal relaxation? (most to least effect)

A
  1. Des (most enhancement)
  2. Sevo
  3. Iso

Anes Pharm Spring 2025 Updated (11 decks)

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