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NCM 112 > MAAM CHA PART 1 HAHAHA > Flashcards

MAAM CHA PART 1 HAHAHA Flashcards

1
Q

A defensive reaction intended to neutralize, control or eliminate offending agent and to prepare the site for repair

A

Inflammation

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2
Q

What releases blood-clotting proteins at wound site?

A

Platelets from blood

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3
Q

What secrete factors that mediate vasodilation and vascular constriction, delivery of blood, plasma and cells to injured area increases

A

Mast cells

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4
Q

What does neutrophils secrete?

A

Neutrophils secrete factors that kill and degrade pathogens

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5
Q

What are the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation?

A
  1. Redness
  2. Heat
  3. Swelling
  4. Pain
  5. Loss of function
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6
Q

What do you call the process where neutrophils and macrophages remove pathogens?

A

phagocytosis

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7
Q

What hormone does macrophages secrete?

A

cytokines

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8
Q

What is the function of cytokines?

A

Attract immune system cells to the site and activate cells involved in tissue repair

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9
Q

3 chemical substances

A
  1. Histamine
  2. Kinins
  3. Prostaglandins
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10
Q

What does histamine help with?

A

Vasodilation and increase capillary permeability

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11
Q

What does kinins help with?

A

Attract neutrophils

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12
Q

What does prostaglandin help with?

A

Increase capillary permeability

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13
Q

What are the systemic responses to inflammation?

A
  1. Fever
  2. Pyrogens
  3. Leukocytosis
  4. Malaise, loss of appetite, aching, weakness
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14
Q

Occur to provide the body with greater ability to fight infection

A

Leukocytosis

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15
Q

Types of Inflammation

A
  1. Acute
  2. Chronic
  3. Subacute
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16
Q

Describe acute inflammation

A
  • Local vascular and exudative changes
  • Protective
  • 2 weeks healing
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17
Q

Describe chronic inflammation

A
  • Persists, not beneficial, not protective
  • Month, years
  • Debilitating and long lasting effect
  • repair
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18
Q

Describe subacute inflammation

A
  • Between acute and chronic
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19
Q

What proceeds after the inflammatory debris is removed?

A

Cellular healing

20
Q

Proliferation of the same type of cells as destroyed

A

Regeneration

21
Q
  • Cells of another type
  • Fill in the tissue defect
  • Scar formation
A

Replacement

22
Q

3 types of healing by regeneration

A
  1. Labile cells
  2. Permanent cells
  3. Stable
23
Q

2 types of healing by replacement

A
  1. Primary Intention
  2. Secondary Intention
24
Q

It refers to the body’s specific protective response to an invading foreign agent or organism functions as the body’s defense mechanism against invasion

25
Q

Immunity is affected by?

A
  • age
  • emotional status
  • CNS fxn
  • medications
  • trauma
  • stress
  • surgery
26
Q

Level 1: Barriers

A

Skin and cilia prevent invaders from entering

27
Q

Level 2: Innate

A

Cells and chemicals stop invaders from spreading

28
Q

Level 3: Adaptive

A

Blood warriors (with a grudge) attack invaders

29
Q

What are the components of the immune system?

A
  1. Bone Marrow
  2. Lymphoid Tissue - thymus gland, spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, adenoids
  3. Tonsils
  4. Adenoids
  5. Mucoid Lymphatic Tissues
30
Q

2 types of immunity

A
  1. Nature (Innate)
  2. Acquired
31
Q

An immunity that is born with. Which is nonspecific, provides a broad spectrum of defense against and resistance to infection.

A

Nature (Innate) Immunity

32
Q

An immunity that develops after birth

A

Acquired Immunity

33
Q

A type of acquired immunity that typically lasts many years or even a lifetime.

A

Active Acquired Immunity

34
Q

A type of acquired immunity that is
a temporary immunity transmitted from a source outside the body that has developed immunity through previous disease or immunization.

A

Passive Acquired Immunity

35
Q

Produces the antibody after being sick

A

Active Natural Immunity

36
Q

Immunization (produce antibodies)

A

Active Artificial Immunity

37
Q

Antibodies are given to you by the mother or breastfeeding

A

Passive Natural Immunity

38
Q

Antibodies are given by the vaccine

A

Passive Artificial Immunity

39
Q

Example of physical barriers

A
  • Skin- first line of defense
  • Cilia
  • Mucous membranes
  • Coughing
  • Sneezing
40
Q

Example of chemical barriers

A
  • Acidic gastric secretion
  • Mucus
  • Enzymes in tears and saliva substances in
    sebaceous and sweat glands
  • Interferons
41
Q

Normal values for total WBC

A

Total WBC: 4,500-10,000

42
Q

It occurs when the WBC falls below 4,000.

A

Leukopenia

43
Q

What causes leukopenia?

A
  • Viral infections
  • overwhelming bacterial infections
  • bone marrow disorders
44
Q

A WBC of less than 500 places the patient at?

A

risk for a fatal infection

45
Q

A WBC over 30,000 may indicate

A

Massive infection or a serious disease such as leukemia

NCM 112 (7 decks)

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