MA Quiz 3 Chapters 25-32 Flashcards
What is the role of the hypothalamus? What does it control?
Middle portion of brain contains the thalamus, hypothalamus and hippocampus.
The hypothalamus, located on the underside of the thalamus, is the master control for the autonomic nervous system. It controls hormone secretion, body temperature and emotions.
Which lobe controls vision?
The occipital lobe and optic nerve both help in the function of vision.
What does TIA stand for?
transient ischemic attacks
Transient ischemic attacks (TIA), are caused by brief periods of reduced blood flow to the cerebrum. TIAs usually resolve within 24 hours with little or no residual affects.
They’re considered a warning sign of possible impending CVA (cerebral vascular accident).
“Fight or flight” is part of which physiological division of the nervous system? Somatic (voluntary) or autonomic (involuntary)?
What are common reactions that define the fight or flight response?
The autonomic nervous system is divided into sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (brakes) homeostatic nerves. They work against another to control body’s internal functions during normal activity as well as stressful or traumatic periods.
Fight or flight is part of the sympathetic reactions within the autonomic (aka involuntary) system. It causes reactions such as faster stronger heartbeats, more glucose released by the liver, increased skin perspiration, dilation of pupils, and increased respiratory rate and dilated bronchi.
When does menopause typically occur?
Menopause or the cessation of the menses, usually occurs between ages 45-55, due to aging and decline of ovarian function.
What age range do pediatricians encounter with?
A pediatrician is a physician specializing in treatment of children from birth to age 20.
Define gynecologist.
Gynecologist is a physician that specializes in the medical care of the female reproductive system, diseases and disorder.
Gynecology is the branch of medicine pertaining to the female reproductive system, diseases and disorders.
Define colonoscopy
Colonoscopy is performed to assess healthy or disease states of the colon. The American Cancer Society recommends all individuals over age 50 have a colonoscopy to screen for cancer.
Procedure serves to obtain baseline information during healthy state when patient has family history of colon cancer or polyps, evaluate symptoms, evaluate type and extent of inflammatory bowel conditions.
At what age do patients start having their blood pressure taken?
Blood pressure is not normally taken on an infant unless requested by the physician. After age 3, blood pressure is taken once per year to establish a baseline reading.
Define metastasis
Cancer or malignancy is caused by rapid/uncontrolled development and reproduction of abnormal cells. These cells take on a different character from original normal cells and this cell growth is referred to as malignant or life threatening cell growth. Original malignant growth is called the primary site but metastasis occurs when secondary sites are created.
Malignant neoplasms (neoplasm: new growth/tumor) are classified according to type of tissue invaded.
Malignant tumors aka cancer, cause symptoms when they invade; such types include:
- carcinoma: epithelial cells
- glioma: nervous system including brain, spinal cord and nerve tissues
- leukemia: blood precursors (stem cells) in the bone marrow
- lymphoma: lymphoid tissue and lymph vessels
- melanoma: melanin producing cells
- sarcoma: supportive tissue including muscle, cartilage and bone
What is the functional unit of the nervous system?
The functional unit of the nervous system is the neuron or nerve cell.
Each neuron contains cell body with nucleus, axon and dendrites.
What can circulation problems cause?
Changes in the cardiac system can result in poor circulation leading to common conditions such as CHF (congestive heart failure: heart cannot pump enough blood to rest of body) or changes in blood pressure such as hypertension or orthostatic hypotension. Circulation problems caused by changes in heartbeat or blood supply to the brain may lead to impaired mental functioning.
Symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease may begin to surface during the aging process and may require long term or custodial care.
Define flexion
Flexion is a type of synovial joint movement which decreases the angle of a joint. An example would be bending the lower arm toward the shoulder or making a fist by bending the fingers in toward the palm of the hand. Another example would be when lying down, placing the leg at a 45 degree angle as opposed to flat on the surface.
Extension would be the opposite, increasing angle of joint such as unfolding, opening or straightening the leg when at a 45 degree angle.
