M8 Inhalation sedation

Question 1

How quickly will patients feel the effect of relative analgesia?

Answer 1

3 - 5 minutes

Question 2

What colour cylinder is nitrous oxide

Answer 2

Blue

Question 3

What does MAC stand for?

Answer 3

Minimum alveola concentration

Question 4

What does PSI stand for?

Answer 4

Pounds per square inch

Question 5

What happens within the alveoli sacs?

Answer 5

The gaseous exchange takes place

Question 6

When was nitrous oxide first produced?

Answer 6

1772 by Joseph Priestly

Question 7

When was nitrous oxide first used for dental treatment?

Answer 7

1844 by Dr Horace Wallace

Question 8

At what percent will nitrous oxide lead to unconsciousness?

Answer 8

80%

Question 9

Nitrous oxide is compressed to ……..

Answer 9

800 psi

Question 10

What does a high MAC indicate?

Answer 10

Low potency - ideal for conscious sedation

Question 11

What is the long term exposure for nitrous oxide?

Answer 11

100 parts per million over a 8 hour period in any 24 hours

Question 12

What colour cylinder is oxygen?

Answer 12

Black with white collar

Question 13

Oxygen is compressed to……..

Answer 13

2000 psi

Question 14

What are the properties of oxygen?

Answer 14

Clear, colourless, odourless

Question 15

Why must oxygen connection valves and filaments not be lubricated with oil or grease?

Answer 15

Danger of explosion

Question 16

How much additional oxygen is delivered by pressing the flush button?

Answer 16

30 litres/min

Question 17

Approximately how much does a full E cylinder weigh?

Answer 17

8.8kg

Question 18

Approximately how much does an empty E cylinder weigh?

Answer 18

5.4kg

Question 19

What is an active scavenger system?

Answer 19

Pumps gases away

Question 20

What is a passive scavenger system?

Answer 20

It has 1 entry and 1 exit for the gas

Question 21

What is stage 2 known as?

Answer 21

The excitement stage

Question 22

What is the minimum amount of oxygen a patient will receive?

Answer 22

30%

Question 23

What is the maximum amount of nitrous oxide a patient will receive?

Answer 23

70%

Question 24

When must inhalation sedation not be carried out?

Answer 24

Pregnant patients in their 1st trimester

Question 25

Why must a pregnant patient in their 1st trimester not have inhalation sedation?

Answer 25

Nitrous oxide will pass the placenta border

Question 26

Why would inhalation sedation not be successful?

Answer 26

Pt has a cold/blocked nose, inability to breath through nose with mouth open, mask may make patient feel claustrophobic, nasal obstructions (large adenoids)

Question 27

How does nitrous oxide enter the blood stream?

Answer 27

It diffuses through the alveolar membrane

Question 28

How many stages of anaesthesia are there?

Answer 28

4 stages

Question 29

What is stage 1 of anaesthesia?

Answer 29

The induction stage

Question 30

At what % of nitrous oxide is stage 1, plane 1 achieved?

Answer 30

5 - 25% nitrous oxide

Question 31

In stage 1, plane 1 what will the patient start to experience?

Answer 31

More relaxed. Tingling in toes, fingers, lips and tongue

Question 32

At what % of nitrous oxide is stage 1, plane 2 achieved?

Answer 32

20 - 55% nitrous oxide

Question 33

What will the patient experience during stage 1, plane 2?

Answer 33

Further relaxed, detached from surroundings, floating and euphoric, no fears or anxieties

Question 34

At what % of nitrous oxide is satge1, plane 3 achieved?

Answer 34

50 - 70%

Question 35

What is stage 3?

Answer 35

Surgical stage

Question 36

How many planes is stage 3 divided into?

Answer 36

4

Question 37

What is stage 4?

Answer 37

Overdose stage

Question 38

What can happen in the overdose stage?

Answer 38

Medullary depression, breathing stops, cardiovascular collapse

Question 39

What is the oxygen flow rate for adults?

Answer 39

8 litres/minute

Question 40

What should the oxygen flow rate be set at for children?

Answer 40

6 litres/minute

Question 41

How long must a patient receive 100% oxygen at the end of treatment?

Answer 41

3 - 5 minutes

Question 42

Why must a patient be given 100% oxygen at the end of treatment?

Answer 42

To prevent diffusion hypoxia

Question 43

How is nitrous oxide eliminated from the body?

Answer 43

99% through exhalation 1% through skin and lungs over the next 24 hours

Question 44

What are the properties of nitrous oxide?

Answer 44

Colourless, slightly sweet smelling

Question 45

What is diffusion hypoxia?

Answer 45

Condition that results from the rapid outflow of nitrous oxide across the alveoli membrane when the incoming gas flow is stopped.

Question 46

How often should a Bodok seal be replaced?

Answer 46

Every 2 years

Question 47

What does the air entertainment valve do?

Answer 47

It allows the patient to breath the atmospheric air if both gases are shut off

Question 48

What is the Bodok seal?

Answer 48

It provides a seal between the cylinder and machine to prevent leakage

Question 49

E cylinders have what safety feature?

Answer 49

A unique pin indexing which makes it impossible for the wrong cylinder to be attached

Question 50

What is WEL's?

Answer 50

Workplace Exposure Limits

Question 51

Who set WEL's?

Answer 51

The Health and Safety Commission

Question 52

What safety checks need to be carried out before treatment?

Answer 52

Oxygen flush, automatic gas shut off, reservoir bag, gas tubing

Question 53

How long does a patient need to be observed for after treatment?

Answer 53

30 mins

Question 54

What % of nitrous oxide is initially introduced?

Answer 54

15%