M2 Medical Emergencies

Question 1

What is the dosage for adrenaline in patients above 12 years?

Answer 1

500mcg 0.5mls 1:1000 IM

Question 2

How much oxygen is delivered through a bag valve mask?

Answer 2

15 litres per min
90-100 %

Question 3

What is status epilepticus

Answer 3

Prolonged/repetitive seizures

Question 4

Pain in the left are, sweating, shortness of breath, tight pain in the center of the chest are all symptoms of which medical emergency?

Answer 4

Angina attack

Question 5

Crushing chest pain, pain in the left arm, low blood pressure and pale and clammy skin are all symptoms of which medical emergency?

Answer 5

Myocardial infarction

Question 6

What is paradoxical chest?

Answer 6

One side of the chest will rise and fall abnormally

Question 7

What is hypoglycaemia?

Answer 7

Low blood sugar

Question 8

What does GTN stand for?

Answer 8

Glyceral Trinitrate

Question 9

When would you use midazolam oromucosal solution?

Answer 9

Prolonged convulsive seizures

Question 10

What is the dose for midazolam oromucosal solution in a child aged 1-5 years?

Answer 10

5mg buccal

Question 11

What is the dosage for midazolam oromucosal solution in children aged 5-10 years?

Answer 11

7.5mg buccal

Question 12

How much glucose should you give a cooperative patient for hypoglycaemia?

Answer 12

15-20g fast acting glucose

Question 13

What is hyperglycaemia?

Answer 13

High blood sugar.

Question 14

What are the symptoms of hypoglycaemia?

Answer 14

Irritability and aggressiveness
Uncooperative and slurred speech
Disoriented
Cold, clammy or sweaty skin

Question 15

What are the symptoms of hyperglycaemia?

Answer 15

Blurred vision
Weigh loss
Sweet smelling breath
Increased urination

Question 16

What is the range for normal blood sugar levels?

Answer 16

4.0-5.9 mmol/l

Question 17

What is the management of hypoglycaemia in a conscious patient?

Answer 17

Glucose drink/tablet
Repeat every 10-15 minutes

Question 18

What is the management of hypoglycaemia in an unconscious patient?

Answer 18

1mg IM Glucagon

Question 19

Where should you place defib pads?

Answer 19

UR collarbone
LL side of chest.

Question 20

When would you administer Glucagon?

Answer 20

Hypoglycaemia in unconscious patients

Question 21

What would you give a patient in a suspected heart attack?

Answer 21

300mg aspirin

Question 22

What is the drug and dose that would be given for anaphylaxis in an adult?

Answer 22

Adrenaline 500mcg
1:1000 IM
Repeatedly after 5 minutes

Question 23

What is the dosage for adrenaline in patients under 6 years?

Answer 23

150mcg 0.15mls
1:1000 IM

Question 24

What is the dosage for adrenaline in patients aged 6-12 years?

Answer 24

300mcg 0.3mls
1:1000 IM

Question 25

What % of oxygen does the patient receive with a Hudson mask?

Answer 25

40% as they are known to have a poor seal.

Question 26

How many litres of oxygen does a D size cylinder hold and how long will it last at a flow rate of 10-15 l/m

Answer 26

Contains 340 litres which will last 20-30 minutes

Question 27

What causes angina?

Answer 27

Lack of oxygenated blood Can be brought on by stress, exercise and hypertension

Question 28

How many times can you repeat GTN spray in a medical emergency?

Answer 28

3

Question 29

What % of oxygen will a patient receive with a non-rebreather mask?

Answer 29

60-90%

Question 30

Without supplementary oxygen how much oxygen will the patient inhale with a Laerdal pocket mask?

Answer 30

16% expired air Increases to 65-70% when supplementary oxygen used.

Question 31

What is the recommended flow rate for nasal cannulas?

Answer 31

4-5 l/min

Question 32

What does DRS ABC DE stand for?

Answer 32

Dangers Responsiveness Shout for help Airway Breathing Circulation Disability Exposure

Question 33

What are the signs and symptoms of an asthma attack?

Answer 33

Breathlessness Manure complete a sentence Wheezing on exhalation Increased respiratory rate Tachycardia Anxiety

Question 34

What are the signs and symptoms of angina?

Answer 34

Clutching chest Irregular pulse Shallow breathing/breathlessness Sweating Chest pain Nausea Feeling weak

Question 35

What are the signs and symptoms of myocardial infarction?

Answer 35

Clutching chest/severe chest pain Breathlessness/ abnormal breathing Grey/deathly appearance Distressed GTN spray gives no relief Dizziness Vomiting Cardiac arrest

Question 36

What are the signs and symptoms of choking

Answer 36

Coughing Wheezing Cyanosis Hand gestures Unable to speak Loss of consciousness

Question 37

What causes myocardial infarction?

Answer 37

Arterial plaque causing narrowing or blockage to the oxygenated blood to the heart.

Question 38

What can trigger an epileptic fit?

Answer 38

Stress Tiredness Bright/flashing lights Starvation Menstruation Drugs/alcohol

Question 39

What is epilepsy?

Answer 39

A brief disruption in the electrical activity of the brain.

Question 40

What are the signs and symptoms of an epileptic seizure?

Answer 40

Look/feel detached from surroundings Sudden loss of consciousness Altered mood or aura May froth at mouth Become incontinent Become rigid Fall to ground Cyanosis Thrashing movements

Question 41

What are the signs and symptoms of hypoglycaemia?

Answer 41

Trembling Slurred speech Confusion Blurred vision May appear drunk Irritable or aggressive Unbalanced Drowsiness Cold Gradual loss of consciousness Altered mood

Question 42

In a patient without diabetes, what are the normal blood glucose levels?

Answer 42

4.0-5.9 mmol/l

Question 43

What are the signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis?

Answer 43

Facial swelling/ oedema Rash/ blotchy skin Gasping/ breathing difficulties Rapid pulse Anxious Conjunctivitis Loss of Consciousness Respiratory arrest

Question 44

What would the blood glucose levels be in a patient without diabetes Type 1 diabetes?

Answer 44

5-7 mmol/l

Question 45

What would blood glucose levels be in a patient with Type 2 diabetes?

Answer 45

4-7 mmol/l

Question 46

What are the signs and symptoms of adrenal insufficiency?

Answer 46

Pale Fall in blood pressure Low blood sugar levels Rapid loss of consciousness

Question 47

What are the signs and symptoms of a faint?

Answer 47

Pale Clammy Sweating Dizziness Blurred vision Nausea Loss of consciousness

Question 48

How many backslaps should you give?

Answer 48

5 between the shoulder blades

Question 49

How many abdominal thrusts should you give?

Answer 49

5

Question 50

What is urticaria?

Answer 50

Itchy rash

Question 51

What is the ratio when doing CPR on an adult?

Answer 51

30:2 30 compressions 5-6 cm in depth 2 breaths 100-120 beats per minute

Question 52

What is the ratio when doing CPR on a child?

Answer 52

2 rescue breaths 15:2 15 compressions 4-5cm in depth 2 breaths 100-120 beats per minute

Question 53

What is the dosage for midazolam oromucosal solution in children aged 10+ years and adults?

Answer 53

10mg buccal

Question 54

What drug would you use for an asthma attack?

Answer 54

Salbutamol Inhaler

Question 55

What is the dosage for Glucagon in patients under 8 or below 25kg?

Answer 55

0.5mg IM

Question 56

What is the dosage for Glucagon in patients over 8 years and above 25kg?

Answer 56

1mg IM