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human anatomy > m7: pelvis and hip > Flashcards

m7: pelvis and hip Flashcards

1
Q

(Posterior) Right and left pelvic bones ↔ sacrum and fifth lumbar

(Anterior) Left and right hemipelvis ↔ pubis symphysis

A

Pelvic Girdle

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2
Q

Femoral head ↔ Acetabulum

Very stable structurally + Very mobile

Hip abductor muscles on the weight-bearing leg must create a force to counterbalance about _% of body’s weight during each step taken.

A

Hip joint

85%

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3
Q

Latin word, “bowl”/ “basin”

A bridge between the lower extremities and the entire head, arm, and trunk complex (HAT).

A

Pelvis

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4
Q

Providing a stable base for HAT

Containing and supporting the visceral contents

Transmitting and absorbing forces to and from both HAT superiorly and the lower extremities inferiorly.

A

Functions of the Pelvis

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5
Q

Major role in elevating and lowering the body:

A

Climbing

Rising from a chair

Lifting the limb, as when the foot is elevated to tie a shoelace.

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6
Q

Hip muscles may function by:

A

moving the femur on the pelvis (e.g., flexing the hip to step up onto a step)

by moving the pelvis over the femur (e.g.,leaning over to pick up an object from the floor).

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7
Q

Supporting and transferring the weight of the HAT to the femurs in standing or to the ischial tuberosities in sitting.

Rotating during walking to create a rhythmic pelvic swing so a smooth translation of both the trunk and the lower extremities occurs.

Providing a broad area for muscular attachment.

A

Pelvis

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8
Q

3 Innominate bones (R) and (L)

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

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9
Q

“wing/ear”
Largest, superior
Iliac crest (_) highest point of the pelvis
Iliac tubercle ()

A

Ilium

Iliac crest (L4)
Iliac Tubercle (L5)

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10
Q

▪ (Origin of Sartorius, Inguinal Ligament/ poupart’s/ aponeurosis of external oblique)
▪ Measurement landmark of:
1.
2.

A

ANTERIOIR SUPERIOR ILIAC SPINE (ASIS)

  • LLD, Q-angle
  • Fulcrum for hip abduction, adduction
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11
Q

▪ (Origin of rectus femoris straight head)

A

ANTERIOIR INFERIOR ILIAC SPINE (AIIS)

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12
Q

▪ S2
▪ Dimples of Venus
▪ Measurement landmark of: _ Test

A

POSTERIOR SUPERIOR ILIAC SPINE (PSIS)

Schober’s Test

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13
Q

Fracture of the iliac wing

A

Duverney’s Fracture

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14
Q

▪ “fish”
▪ Posterior
▪ Ischial tuberosity
▪ Ischiogluteal bursa

A

Ischium

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15
Q

▪ “sit bone”
▪ For weightbearing in sitting
▪ Origin of hamstrings

A

Ischial Tuberosity

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16
Q

▪ Prolonged sitting causes bursitis; Tailor’s/weaver’s/ boatman’s bottom

A

Ischiogluteal bursa

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17
Q

▪ “crotch”
▪ Common site of adductor origin

A

Pubis

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18
Q
  1. _ _ = origin of pectineus
A

Superior Ramus

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19
Q
  1. _ /= origin of adductor longus
A

Pubic Tubercle/ Body

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20
Q
  1. Inferior Ramus
    a.
    b.
    c.
A

a. Adductor Magnus
b. Gracilis
c. Adductor Brevis

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21
Q
  1. Obturator foramen
    a.
    b.
A

a. Lumbar and sacral nerves
b. Blood vessels

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22
Q

▪ Triradiate ligament connects ilium, ischium, pubis (Fused after birth)
▪ Covered by fibrous cartilage: glenoid labrum
▪ Orientation: (LIA) Lateral, Inferior, Anterior

A

Acetabulum

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23
Q

▪ Sacral promontory
▪ Sacral body

A

Sacrum

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24
Q

▪ “tail bone”
▪ Painful coccyx “_”
􏰀 MOI: falling in seated position

A

Coccyx

coccygodynia

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25
Q

▪ Carries abdominal organs
▪ Male: Heart, smaller
▪ Female: Oval, larger
▪ Borders:
1.
2.
3.

A

Pelvis Inlet/Pelvic Brim

  1. Ant: Symphysis pubis
  2. Post: Sacral promontory
  3. Lat: Iliopectineal line
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26
Q

▪ Carries reproductive organs
▪ Borders:
1.
2.
3.

A

Pelvis Outlet

  1. Ant: Pubic arch
  2. Post: Coccyx
  3. Lat: Ischial tuberosity
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27
Q

▪ (N) ASIS = PSIS
▪ APT = ASIS < PSIS
▪ PPT = ASIS > PSIS

A

Pelvic Tilt

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28
Q

▪ ASIS = PSIS
XXX:

A

Pelvic tilt

29
Q

▪ Iliac crest (L) = (R)
XXX:

A

Pelvic obliquity/list

30
Q

▪ Pubic tubercle = Greater trochanter
XXX: _, _, _

A

True LLD, coxa vara, dislocation

31
Q

▪ 25% of the general height

A

Femur

32
Q

Neck Shaft Angle
▪ Adult=
▪ Child=
▪ Increased =
▪ Decreased =

A

125 degrees

160 degrees

coxa valga > 135 degrees

coxa vara < 120 degress

33
Q

▪ (N) 8-15 degrees
▪ Increased – _ (in-toe, patellar
squinting, knocked knees)
▪ Decreased – _ (out-toe, frog eyes/
grasshopper, bowleg)

A

Femoral Torsion

Anteversion

Retroversion

34
Q

▪ “Angle of Wiberg”
▪ (N) 20-30
▪ ↑ angle = more stable
▪ ↓ angle = less stable
▪ Aging increases center edge angle

A

Center Edge Angle

35
Q

▪ Covered by hyaline and fibrous cartilage
▪ Orientation: _ , _ , _
▪ Blood supply:
- 20% obturator artery
- 80% Medial circumflex arter

A

Femoral head

(SAM) Superior, Anterior and Medial

36
Q

▪ G. Med/Min
▪ Red carpet muscles

A

Greater Trochanter

37
Q

POOSIQ (Sup to inf)

A

● Piriformis
● Obturator internus
● Obturator externus
● Superior gemellus
● Inferior gemellus
● Quadratus femoris

38
Q

Iliopsoas

A

Lesser Trochanter

39
Q

▪ Ligaments: weakened by relaxin, aldosterone
▪ Movement: Nutation/Counternutation

A

Sacroiliac Joint (SI)

40
Q

▪ Multiaxial ball-and-socket joint that has
maximum stability because of the deep insertion of the head of the femur into the acetabulum

A

Acetabulofemoral Joint

41
Q

Hip Joint
Resting position:

A

30° flexion, 300 abduction, slight lateral rotation

42
Q

Hip joint
Closed Packed Position:

A

Full extension, medial rotation, and abduction

43
Q

Hip joint
Capsular Pattern:

A

Flexion, abduction, medial rotation (but in some cases, medial rotation is limited)

44
Q

▪ AKA: Y ligament of bigelow
▪ Strongest ligament of the body
▪ Restricts: Extension, ER small amount AD

A

Iliofemoral ligament

45
Q

▪ Restricts extension
▪ Weakest

A

Ischiofemoral Ligament

46
Q

▪ Restricts AB, Extension

A

Pubofemoral ligament

47
Q

FACTORS AFFECTING HIP STABILITY

●
●
●

A

● Architecture/stability
● Ligaments – Y ligament
● Atmospheric pressure is negative, creates a suction

48
Q

BOUNDARIES
→ SUPERIOR: _ _ (forms the base the femoral triangle)
→ MEDIAL: _ _
→ LATERAL: _

A

inguinal ligament
adductor longus
sartorius

49
Q

→ LATERAL: sartorius
→ Contents (lat.to med.):

A

􏰀 Femoral nerve
􏰀 Femoral artery
􏰀 Femoral vein
􏰀 Lymph nodes

50
Q

▪ MC direction of Hip
▪ D/L: posterior
▪ MOI: dashboard injury, FAddIR + PCL injury

A

Hip dislocation

51
Q

▪ A metal prosthesis anchored to the person’s _ by bone cement replaces the femoral _ and _
▪ A plastic socket cemented to the hip bone replaces the _.

A

Hip replacement

▪ A metal prosthesis anchored to the person’s femur by bone cement replaces the femoral head and neck
▪ A plastic socket cemented to the hip bone replaces the acetabulum.

52
Q

Gluteal region

MUSCLE:

ORIGIN: Outer surface of ilium (1), sacrum, coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament

INSERTION: Iliotibial and gluteal tuberosity of femur

NERVE: INFERIOR Gluteal Nerve - L5, S1, S2

ACTIONS:
● Extends and laterally rotates the thigh at the hip joint
● The upper fibers abduct and the lower fibers adduct the thigh at the hip joint
● Posteriorly tilts the pelvis at the hip joint
● Extends the leg at the knee joint

A

GLUTEUS MAXIMUS

53
Q

Gluteal region

MUSCLE:

ORIGIN: Outer surface of ilium (2)

INSERTION: LATERAL surface of greater trochanter of femur

NERVE: Superior gluteal nerve (1)

ACTIONS: (1)
● Abducts thigh at hip joint
● Tilts pelvis when walking to permit
opposite leg to clear ground

A

GLUTEUS MEDIUS

54
Q

Gluteal region

MUSCLE:

ORIGIN: Outer surface of ilium (3)

INSERTION: ANTERIOR surface of greater trochanter of femur

NERVE: Superior gluteal nerve (2)

ACTIONS: (2)
● Abducts thigh at hip joint
● Tilts pelvis when walking to permit
opposite leg to clear ground

A

GLUTEUS MINIMUS

55
Q

Gluteal region

MUSCLE:

ORIGIN: Iliac crest

INSERTION: Iliotibial tract

NERVE: Superior Gluteal Nerve (3)

ACTIONS: Assists gluteus maximus in extending the knee joint

A

TENSOR FASCIA LATAE

56
Q

Gluteal region

MUSCLE:

ORIGIN: Anterior surface of sacrum

INSERTION: UPPER border of greater trochanter of femur (1)

NERVE: 1st and 2nd sacral nerves

ACTIONS: Lateral rotator of thigh at hip joint (1)

A

PIRIFORMIS

57
Q

Gluteal region

MUSCLE:

ORIGIN: Inner surface of obturator membrane

INSERTION: UPPER border of greater trochanter of femur (2)

NERVE: Sacral plexus (1)

ACTIONS: Lateral rotator of thigh at hip (2) joint

A

OBTURATOR INTERNUS

58
Q

Gluteal region

MUSCLE:

ORIGIN: Spine of ischium

INSERTION: UPPER border of greater trochanter of femur (3)

NERVE: Sacral plexus (2)

ACTIONS: Lateral rotator of thigh at hip joint (3)

A

GEMELLUS SUPERIOR

59
Q

Gluteal region

MUSCLE:

ORIGIN: Ischial tuberosity

INSERTION: UPPER border of greater trochanter of femur (4)

NERVE: Sacral plexus (3)

ACTIONS: Lateral rotator of thigh at hip joint (4)

A

GEMELLUS INFERIOR

60
Q

Gluteal region

MUSCLE:

ORIGIN: Lateral border of ischial tuberosity

INSERTION: Quadrate tubercle of femur

NERVE: Sacral plexus (4)

ACTIONS: Lateral rotator of thigh at hip joint (5)

A

QUADRATUS FEMORIS

61
Q

Anterior

MUSCLE:

ORIGIN: Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

INSERTION: Upper medial surface of shaft of tibia

NERVE: Femoral nerve (1)

ACTIONS:
● Flexes, abducts, laterally rotates thigh at hip joint
● Flexes and medially rotates leg at the knee join

A

SARTORIUS

62
Q

Anterior

MUSCLE:

ORIGIN: Iliac fossa of hip bone

INSERTION: With psoas into lesser trochanter of femur

NERVE: Femoral nerve (2)

ACTIONS: Flexes thigh on trunk; if thigh is fixed, it flexes the trunk on thigh as in sitting up from lying down (1)

A

ILIACUS

63
Q

Anterior

MUSCLE:

ORIGIN: Superior ramus of pubis

INSERTION: Upper end of linea aspera of shaft of femur

NERVE: Femoral nerve (3)

ACTIONS: Flexes and adducts thigh at hip joint

A

PECTINEUS

64
Q

Anterior

MUSCLE:

ORIGIN: Transverse processes, bodies and intervertebral discs of the 12th thoracic and five lumbar vertebrae

INSERTION: With iliacus into lesser trochanter of femur

NERVE: Lumbar plexus

ACTIONS: Flexes thigh on trunk; if thigh is fixed, it flexes the trunk on thigh as in sitting up from lying down (2)

A

PSOAS

65
Q

Medial

MUSCLE:

ORIGIN: Inferior ramus of the pubic bone

INSERTION: Upper part of shaft of tibia on medial surface

NERVE: Obturator Nerve - L2, L3

ACTIONS: Adducts thigh at hip joint (1); Flexes leg at KNEE joint

A

GRACILIS

66
Q

Medial

MUSCLE:

ORIGIN: Body of pubis, medial to pubic tubercle

INSERTION: Posterior surface of shaft of femur (linea aspera) (1)

NERVE: Obturator Nerve - L2, L3, AND L4

ACTIONS: Adducts thigh at hip joint and assists in lateral rotation (1)

A

ADDUCTOR LONGUS

67
Q

Medial

MUSCLE

ORIGIN: Inferior ramus of pubis ONLY

INSERTION: Posterior surface of shaft of femur (2)

NERVE: Obturator Nerve - L2, L3 ONLY

ACTIONS: Adducts thigh at hip joint and assists lateral rotation (2)

A

ADDUCTOR BREVIS

68
Q

Medial

MUSCLE:

ORIGIN: Inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium, ischial tuberosity

INSERTION: Posterior surface of shaft of femur (3); adductor of tubercle of femur

NERVE:
● Adductor portion: obturator nerve
● Hamstring portion: sciatic nerve

ACTIONS: Adducts thigh at hip joint and assists in lateral rotation (3); hamstring portion extends thigh at hip joint

A

ADDUCTOR MAGNUS

69
Q

Medial

MUSCLE:

ORIGIN: Outer surface of obturator membrane and pubic and ischial rami

INSERTION: Medial surface of greater trochanter

NERVE: Obturator Nerve - L2, L3 ONLY (2)

ACTIONS: Laterally rotates thigh at hip joint

A

OBTURATOR EXTERNUS

human anatomy (12 decks)

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