m7 | m8 Flashcards
This refers to the emergency or immediate care you should provide when a person is injured or ill until full medical treatment is available.
First Aid
What are the ABCs of first aid?
Airway: Check and clear the airway of any obstruction.
Breathing: Check for the rise and fall of the chest cavity, as well as air from nostrils and mouth (employ LLF).
Circulation: Check the pulse of the patient by their carotid or brachial pulse (depending on age), check for capillary refill (must be less than 2 seconds).
Enumerate.
What are the five main aims of first aid?
- Preserve life
- Prevent escalation of the illness or injury
- Promote recovery
- Pain relief
- Protect the unconscious
Identify which emergency is being described and its first aid.
An injury to the ligaments; caused by twisting a joint, which overstreches or tears tissues.
Sprain
RICE method (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation)
Identify which emergency is being described and its first aid.
It is a severe allergeic reaction that can occur after an insect sting or eating certain foods.
Anaphylaxis (anaphylactic shock)
Loosen clothing, clear airway as much as possible, call emergency services; administer epinepherine if available
Identify which emergency is being described and its first aid.
A skin condition where fluid fills a space between layers of skin.
Blisters
Avoid popping them and best to let them be; cover it enough to keep it from rubbing against surfaces.
Identify which emergency is being described and its first aid.
A break of bodily tissue due to an external force. This can be either closed or open in nature.
Wound
- If bleeding, apply direct pressure using a sterile pad then wash and bandage
- If bruising, place a cold pack first then a hot pack after 48 hours to boost blood flow
Identify which emergency is being described and its first aid.
Also known as hemorrhage, it pertains to blood loss.
Bleeding
Apply firm and direct pressure on bleeding area.
Enumerate and compare.
What are the three types of bleeding?
1. Arterial bleeding: bright red, low viscosity high pressure
2. Venous bleeding: dark red, high viscosity, low pressure
3. Capillary bleeding: bright red, low viscosity, mid pressure
Identify which emergency is being described and its first aid.
This emergency pertains to a partial or full break in the bone.
Fracture
- Avoid moving the injured area as much as possible
- Immobilize it with a splinter and bandage
- Call emergency services
Identify which emergency is being described and its first aid.
An injury to the skin or tissue primarily caused by heat, radiation, or contact with chemicals.
Burn
Stop the burning process by distancing or putting off the source of heat/accident. Let the affected area be doused with cold running water and keep it well under shade.
Enumerate.
What are the four types of burns?
- chemical burns
- thermal burns
- electrical burns
- radiation burns
Enumerate and compare.
What are the three levels of burn?
- First-degree burn: only the outer layer of the skin
- Second-degree burn: partial thickness burns
- Third-degree burns: full thickness burns (skin may be numb)
Differentiate.
Minor burns v.s Major burns
- Minor burns: first & second degree burns; pain, redness, swelling, blisters
- Major burns: third degree burns; dry/leathery, white, or blackened, charred skin
Identify which emergency is being described and its first aid.
An event in which an obstruction is present in the throat or windpipe, blocking off the flow of air.
Choking
Heimlich maneuver, chest compression, abdominal thrust
A set of basic life-saving first aid techniques; usually the type of care that first-responders, HC providers, and public safety professionals administer in the event of anyone who experiences cardiac arrest, respiratory diseases, or an obstructed airway.
BLS
Basic Life Support
Give the meaning of the following acronym.
CPR
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Give the meaning of the following acronym.
AED
Automated External Defibrillator
What does it take for a person to be BLS-certified?
- attend courses
- pass a series of professional tests
What contraption is used commonly in BLS classes as a stand-in for a real human patient?
A dummy
Identify the emergency by the description and symptoms provided. Give FA
Also called as a myocardial infarction (MI); occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked
- sharp chest pain
- shortness of breath
- fatigue
- heart palpitations
Heart attack
Keep person in a comfortable position and call emergency services; administer CPR when victim becomes unconscious (develops cardiac arrest)
Identify the emergency by the description and symptoms provided. Give FA
An interruption of blood flow to the brain, thus the possibilities of brain damage, disability, or death.
- sudden numbness or weakness
- trouble seeing with both eyes
- loss of balance and coordination
Stroke
Do not feed or place anything in the patient’s oral cavity, call emergency services ASAP
Enumerate and compare.
What are the two types of stroke?
- Ischemic stroke: blockage of blood from flowing in an artery; narrowing of artery
- Hemorrhagic stroke: a bleeding event in which an artery ruptures
Identify the emergency by the description and symptoms provided. Give FA
The heart malfunctions and suddenly stops beating unexpectedly.
- dizziness
- shortness of breath
- heaviness of the chest
- chest pain
Cardiac arrest
CPR: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Identify the emergency by the description and symptoms provided. Give FA
This occurs if your body temperature continues to rise.
- lack of sweating
- nausea and vomitting
- flushed skin
- confusion
- headache
Heat stroke
Help the victim to a shaded location, keep the patient cold and conscious
Identify the emergency by the description and symptoms provided. Give FA
This develops when not enough blood flows to the vital organs of the body.
- dizziness, faint feeling
- cool and clammy to the touch
- thirst
- pale skin
- anxiety, altered level of consciousness
Shock
Keep victim laying flat on their back, ensure open airway, keep the person warm but not overheated
Identify the emergency by the description and symptoms provided. Give FA
This usually occurs when a person is exposed to high temperatures, particularly when combined with high humidity, and strenuous physical activity.
- muscle cramps
- cool, moist skin with goosebumps
- fatigure
- low BP upon standing
- faintness
- heavy sweating
- nausea
Heat exhaustion
Rest, move to a cooler place, seek medical attention once fever arises
It is a chronic condition that causes an imbalance of blood sugar and insulin.
Diabetes
Identify the emergency by the description and symptoms provided. Give FA
A type of diabetic emergency that depicts when one has low blood sugar.
- shakiness
- hunger
- headache
- drowsiness
- seizures
- sweating
Hypoglycemia
- If alert, encourage intake of sweets
- If unconscious or delirious, call for emergency services
When can you stop performing CPR on the victim?
- Signs of life
- Too tired to continue
- Other (Professional physician takes over)
- Pronounced dead
Enumerate and compare.
What are the two types of consent in terms of first aid?
- Expressed consent: given by victim that is sober and conscious
- Implied consent: assumption of HC provider when victim is intoxicated or unconscious
True or False: The emergency responder should immediately start first aid treatment without introductions
False
Always introduce yourself to the patient first.
