m7 | m8 Flashcards
This refers to the emergency or immediate care you should provide when a person is injured or ill until full medical treatment is available.
First Aid
What are the ABCs of first aid?
Airway: Check and clear the airway of any obstruction.
Breathing: Check for the rise and fall of the chest cavity, as well as air from nostrils and mouth (employ LLF).
Circulation: Check the pulse of the patient by their carotid or brachial pulse (depending on age), check for capillary refill (must be less than 2 seconds).
Enumerate.
What are the five main aims of first aid?
- Preserve life
- Prevent escalation of the illness or injury
- Promote recovery
- Pain relief
- Protect the unconscious
Identify which emergency is being described and its first aid.
An injury to the ligaments; caused by twisting a joint, which overstreches or tears tissues.
Sprain
RICE method (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation)
Identify which emergency is being described and its first aid.
It is a severe allergeic reaction that can occur after an insect sting or eating certain foods.
Anaphylaxis (anaphylactic shock)
Loosen clothing, clear airway as much as possible, call emergency services; administer epinepherine if available
Identify which emergency is being described and its first aid.
A skin condition where fluid fills a space between layers of skin.
Blisters
Avoid popping them and best to let them be; cover it enough to keep it from rubbing against surfaces.
Identify which emergency is being described and its first aid.
A break of bodily tissue due to an external force. This can be either closed or open in nature.
Wound
- If bleeding, apply direct pressure using a sterile pad then wash and bandage
- If bruising, place a cold pack first then a hot pack after 48 hours to boost blood flow
Identify which emergency is being described and its first aid.
Also known as hemorrhage, it pertains to blood loss.
Bleeding
Apply firm and direct pressure on bleeding area.
Enumerate and compare.
What are the three types of bleeding?
1. Arterial bleeding: bright red, low viscosity high pressure
2. Venous bleeding: dark red, high viscosity, low pressure
3. Capillary bleeding: bright red, low viscosity, mid pressure
Identify which emergency is being described and its first aid.
This emergency pertains to a partial or full break in the bone.
Fracture
- Avoid moving the injured area as much as possible
- Immobilize it with a splinter and bandage
- Call emergency services
Identify which emergency is being described and its first aid.
An injury to the skin or tissue primarily caused by heat, radiation, or contact with chemicals.
Burn
Stop the burning process by distancing or putting off the source of heat/accident. Let the affected area be doused with cold running water and keep it well under shade.
Enumerate.
What are the four types of burns?
- chemical burns
- thermal burns
- electrical burns
- radiation burns
Enumerate and compare.
What are the three levels of burn?
- First-degree burn: only the outer layer of the skin
- Second-degree burn: partial thickness burns
- Third-degree burns: full thickness burns (skin may be numb)
Differentiate.
Minor burns v.s Major burns
- Minor burns: first & second degree burns; pain, redness, swelling, blisters
- Major burns: third degree burns; dry/leathery, white, or blackened, charred skin
Identify which emergency is being described and its first aid.
An event in which an obstruction is present in the throat or windpipe, blocking off the flow of air.
Choking
Heimlich maneuver, chest compression, abdominal thrust
