M7 DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards
where the first stage of digestion occurs
MOUTH
aids in digestion;
i. parotid gland
ii. submaxillary gland
iii. sublingual gland
SALIVARY GLANDS
common passageway of air and food
PHARYNX
contracts food down the stomach
ESOPHAGUS
stores and mixes food
STOMACH
where majority of digestion occurs
SMALL INTESTINE
absorption of nutrients
LARGE INTESTINE
production of bile
LIVER
reservoir of bile
GALL BLADDER
secretion of enzyme
PANCREAS
functionless organ
APPENDIX
connects the large intestine with the anus
RECTUM
exiting of waste materials
ANAL CANAL
aids in digestion of food (starch)
ENZYMES
digest starch
ptyalin
kills bacteria
lysozyme
emulsifies fat
bile
partly digested food
CHYME
major component of the gastric acid wc helps in the digestion of food
HYDROCHLORIC ACID (HCl)
the growling sound associated with hunger wc is actually a normal part of digestion
BORBORYGMI’S SOUND
expulsion of flatus (mixed gasses) wc is either voluntary or involuntary, with sound or silent, and odorless
FLATULENCE
are solid stones formed in the gall bladder from cholesterol, bile salts, and calcium
GALL STONES
oval shaped cavity
MOUTH
externally
lips and cheeks
internally
gums and teeth
above and below
reflection of the mucous membrane from lips and cheeks to the gum covering the upper and lower alveolar arch
VESTIBULE
superior
hard and soft palate
inferior
tongue
posterior
pharynx
(isthmus fauces)
MOUTH CAVITY PROPER
largest of the three salivary glands; secretes serous
PAROTID GLAND
duct of parotid gland
STENSEN’S DUCT
second largest gland; secretes mostly serous
SUBMAXILLARY / SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND
duct of submaxillary gland
WHARTON’S DUCT
smallest gland of the three; mostly mucous
SUBLINGUAL GLAND
duct of sublingual gland
BARTHOLIN’S DUCT
accessory duct of sublingual gland
RIVINUS DUCT
a musculo-membranous sac
common passageway for air and food
located behind the nose, larynx, and mouth
bounded:
superior
body of the sphenoid and base of the occipital bone
inferior
esophagus
posterior
cervical vertebrae
lateral
styloid process
PHARYNX
lies behind the nose and above the level of the soft palate
NASOPHARYNX
reaches from the soft palate to the level of the hyoid bone
OROPHARYNX
reaches from the hyoid bone to lower border of the cricoid cartilage
LARYNGOPHARYNX
a muscular canal (pharynx to stomach)
9 inches long
it contracts food down to the stomach
capable of an involuntary action called PERISTALSIS
ESOPHAGUS
largest serous membrane in the body
serves as covering and protection for the internal organs; encloses and protects all of the digestive organs within the abdomen
PERITONEUM
broad, fan-shaped fold of peritoneum
connects the convolutions of the jejunum and ileum with the posterior wall of the abdomen
MESENTERY PROPER
largest peritoneal fold
consists of a double sheet of peritoneum, folded on itself so that it is made up of four layers
GREATER OMENTUM
a thin sheet that extends to liver from the lesser curvature of the stomach and the commencement of the duodenum
LESSER OMENTUM
broad fold, wc connects the transverse colon to the posterior wall of the abdomen
TRANSVERSE MESOCOLON
the fold of peritoneum wc retains the sigmoid colon in connection with the pelvic wall
SIGMOID MESOCOLON
irregularly conical, curved upon itself, and presenting a round base; forms a J-like shape
lies in the epigastric, umbilical, and the right and left hypogastric regions of the abdomen
a muscular distensible sac, 12 inches long and 6 inches wide
its capacity is about 1 qt. (0.94 liters)
its primary function is to store and break down food
STOMACH
extends between the cardiac and pyloric orifice
LESSER CURVATURE
starts from the cardiac orifice to the pylorus
GREATER CURVATURE
communicates with the esophagus
somewhat funnel shaped
CARDIAC ORIFICE
left portion of the stomach
FUNDUS
communicates with the duodenum
PYLORIC ORIFICE
outermost layer of the stomach
moves food toward the small intestine
CIRCULAR FIBERS
breaking and digesting of food fiber in the stomach
OBLIQUE FIBERS
secretes mucus, predominates in the cardiac and pyloric glands
MUCOUS CELLS
divides rapidly to produce a supply of new cells
REGENERATIVE (STEM) CELLS
secretes HCL and intrinsic factor
PARIETAL CELLS
most numerous secretes chymosin and lipase
CHIEF CELLS
convoluted tube, extending from the pylorus to the colic valve
about 7 meters long
where the vast majority of digestion takes place
surrounded by the large intestine
SMALL INTESTINE
shortest, widest, and most fixed part of the small intestine
somewhat an imperfect circle, 25 cm long
DUODENUM
wider and thicker, about 4 cm in diameter
more vascular and of a deeper color than ileum
JEJUNUM
narrow and thinner
less vascular than jejunum
ILEUM
thin walls, consisting of basement membrane lined by columnar epithelium
CRYPTS OF LIEBERKÜHN
found in submucous areolar tissue
largest and most numerous near the pylorus
small compound acinotubular glands
it secretes mucosa bicarbonate rich mucous wc neutralizes the stomach and shield the mucosa for corrosive effects
BRUNNER’S GLANDS
scattered throughout the mucous membrane of the small intestine
SOLITARY GLANDS
circular or oval patches, from 20 to 30 in number, and is 2 to 10 cm
largest and most numerous in the ileum
small, circular, and few in numbers in the jejunum
covered with mucous membrane and does not possess villi
PEYER’S GLAND
secretes lysozyme, phospholipase, and defensin
protect stomach against bacterial infection
PANETH CELLS
extends from the ileum to the anus
about 1.5 meters long
greater in size, more fixed position, its sacculated form than the small intestine
LARGE INTESTINE
entrance to the large intestine from the small intestine
large blind pouch situated below the colic valve
it is 6.25 cm in length and 7.5 cm in breadth
CECUM
valve guiding the entrance from ileum to cecum
terminates by opening into the inner and back part of the large intestine
ILEO-CECAL VALVE
divided into: ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon
COLON
continuous with the sigmoid colon and ends in the anal canal
RECTUM
termination portion of the large intestine
exit of toxic waste
ANAL CANAL
largest solid organ in the body
measures about 8 inches long, 6.5 inches wide, and 4.5 inches thick; weighs about 1.6 kg
a wedge shaped and described as a right angled triangular prism (in situ)
located at the whole right hypochondrium, the epigastric, and some part of left hypochondrium
produces bile wc helps in digestion of fats
LIVER
square lobe under the right lobe of the liver
QUADRATE LOBE
deeper impression above colic impression
RENAL IMPRESSION
slightly marked impression produced by the duodenum near the gall bladder
DUODENAL IMPRESSION
shallow depression formed by right colic flexure
COLIC IMPRESSION
small triangular depressed area
SUPRARENAL IMPRESSION
point of entry for the hepatic portal vein and proper
hepatic artery and a point of exit for the bile passages
PORTA HEPATIS
acts as reservoir for bile
conical or pear shaped musculo membranous sac
is about 7 to 10 cm in length, 2.5 cm in breadth, and it holds from 30 to 35 cc
GALL BLADDER
long and irregular prismatic in shape
found retroperitoneally
12.5 to 15 cm long, and weighs from 60 to 100g
PANCREAS
production of enzymes
secretes pancreatic juice
found in head portion
EXOCRINE
production of hormones
secretes insulin and glucagon, for blood sugar level
found in tail portion
ENDOCRINE
regulates the release of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum
found at the head portion
SPHINCTER OF ODDI
or the HEPATOPANCREATIC SPHINCTER
the union of bile duct and the main pancreatic duct forms an expanded chamber called the AMPULLA / HEPATO PANCREATIC AMPULLA
AMPULLA OF VATER
these are hepatic cells that removes bacteria and debris from the blood
KUPFFER CELLS
