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GENERAL ANATOMY 1 > M7 DIGESTIVE SYSTEM > Flashcards

M7 DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

where the first stage of digestion occurs

A

MOUTH

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2
Q

aids in digestion;

i. parotid gland
ii. submaxillary gland
iii. sublingual gland

A

SALIVARY GLANDS

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3
Q

common passageway of air and food

A

PHARYNX

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4
Q

contracts food down the stomach

A

ESOPHAGUS

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5
Q

stores and mixes food

A

STOMACH

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6
Q

where majority of digestion occurs

A

SMALL INTESTINE

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7
Q

absorption of nutrients

A

LARGE INTESTINE

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8
Q

production of bile

A

LIVER

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9
Q

reservoir of bile

A

GALL BLADDER

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10
Q

secretion of enzyme

A

PANCREAS

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11
Q

functionless organ

A

APPENDIX

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12
Q

connects the large intestine with the anus

A

RECTUM

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13
Q

exiting of waste materials

A

ANAL CANAL

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14
Q

aids in digestion of food (starch)

A

ENZYMES

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15
Q

digest starch

A

ptyalin

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16
Q

kills bacteria

A

lysozyme

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17
Q

emulsifies fat

A

bile

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18
Q

partly digested food

A

CHYME

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19
Q

major component of the gastric acid wc helps in the digestion of food

A

HYDROCHLORIC ACID (HCl)

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20
Q

the growling sound associated with hunger wc is actually a normal part of digestion

A

BORBORYGMI’S SOUND

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21
Q

expulsion of flatus (mixed gasses) wc is either voluntary or involuntary, with sound or silent, and odorless

A

FLATULENCE

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22
Q

are solid stones formed in the gall bladder from cholesterol, bile salts, and calcium

A

GALL STONES

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23
Q

oval shaped cavity

A

MOUTH

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24
Q

externally
lips and cheeks

internally
gums and teeth

above and below
reflection of the mucous membrane from lips and cheeks to the gum covering the upper and lower alveolar arch

A

VESTIBULE

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25
Q

superior
hard and soft palate

inferior
tongue

posterior
pharynx
(isthmus fauces)

A

MOUTH CAVITY PROPER

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26
Q

largest of the three salivary glands; secretes serous

A

PAROTID GLAND

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27
Q

duct of parotid gland

A

STENSEN’S DUCT

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28
Q

second largest gland; secretes mostly serous

A

SUBMAXILLARY / SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND

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29
Q

duct of submaxillary gland

A

WHARTON’S DUCT

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30
Q

smallest gland of the three; mostly mucous

A

SUBLINGUAL GLAND

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31
Q

duct of sublingual gland

A

BARTHOLIN’S DUCT

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32
Q

accessory duct of sublingual gland

A

RIVINUS DUCT

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33
Q

a musculo-membranous sac

common passageway for air and food

located behind the nose, larynx, and mouth
bounded:
superior
body of the sphenoid and base of the occipital bone

inferior
esophagus

posterior
cervical vertebrae

lateral
styloid process

A

PHARYNX

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34
Q

lies behind the nose and above the level of the soft palate

A

NASOPHARYNX

35
Q

reaches from the soft palate to the level of the hyoid bone

A

OROPHARYNX

36
Q

reaches from the hyoid bone to lower border of the cricoid cartilage

A

LARYNGOPHARYNX

37
Q

a muscular canal (pharynx to stomach)
9 inches long
it contracts food down to the stomach
capable of an involuntary action called PERISTALSIS

A

ESOPHAGUS

38
Q

largest serous membrane in the body

serves as covering and protection for the internal organs; encloses and protects all of the digestive organs within the abdomen

A

PERITONEUM

39
Q

broad, fan-shaped fold of peritoneum
connects the convolutions of the jejunum and ileum with the posterior wall of the abdomen

A

MESENTERY PROPER

40
Q

largest peritoneal fold
consists of a double sheet of peritoneum, folded on itself so that it is made up of four layers

A

GREATER OMENTUM

41
Q

a thin sheet that extends to liver from the lesser curvature of the stomach and the commencement of the duodenum

A

LESSER OMENTUM

42
Q

broad fold, wc connects the transverse colon to the posterior wall of the abdomen

A

TRANSVERSE MESOCOLON

43
Q

the fold of peritoneum wc retains the sigmoid colon in connection with the pelvic wall

A

SIGMOID MESOCOLON

44
Q

irregularly conical, curved upon itself, and presenting a round base; forms a J-like shape
lies in the epigastric, umbilical, and the right and left hypogastric regions of the abdomen
a muscular distensible sac, 12 inches long and 6 inches wide
its capacity is about 1 qt. (0.94 liters)
its primary function is to store and break down food

A

STOMACH

45
Q

extends between the cardiac and pyloric orifice

A

LESSER CURVATURE

46
Q

starts from the cardiac orifice to the pylorus

A

GREATER CURVATURE

47
Q

communicates with the esophagus
somewhat funnel shaped

A

CARDIAC ORIFICE

48
Q

left portion of the stomach

A

FUNDUS

49
Q

communicates with the duodenum

A

PYLORIC ORIFICE

50
Q

outermost layer of the stomach
moves food toward the small intestine

A

CIRCULAR FIBERS

51
Q

breaking and digesting of food fiber in the stomach

A

OBLIQUE FIBERS

52
Q

secretes mucus, predominates in the cardiac and pyloric glands

A

MUCOUS CELLS

53
Q

divides rapidly to produce a supply of new cells

A

REGENERATIVE (STEM) CELLS

54
Q

secretes HCL and intrinsic factor

A

PARIETAL CELLS

55
Q

most numerous secretes chymosin and lipase

A

CHIEF CELLS

56
Q

convoluted tube, extending from the pylorus to the colic valve
about 7 meters long
where the vast majority of digestion takes place
surrounded by the large intestine

A

SMALL INTESTINE

57
Q

shortest, widest, and most fixed part of the small intestine
somewhat an imperfect circle, 25 cm long

A

DUODENUM

58
Q

wider and thicker, about 4 cm in diameter
more vascular and of a deeper color than ileum

A

JEJUNUM

59
Q

narrow and thinner
less vascular than jejunum

A

ILEUM

60
Q

thin walls, consisting of basement membrane lined by columnar epithelium

A

CRYPTS OF LIEBERKÜHN

61
Q

found in submucous areolar tissue
largest and most numerous near the pylorus
small compound acinotubular glands
it secretes mucosa bicarbonate rich mucous wc neutralizes the stomach and shield the mucosa for corrosive effects

A

BRUNNER’S GLANDS

62
Q

scattered throughout the mucous membrane of the small intestine

A

SOLITARY GLANDS

63
Q

circular or oval patches, from 20 to 30 in number, and is 2 to 10 cm
largest and most numerous in the ileum
small, circular, and few in numbers in the jejunum
covered with mucous membrane and does not possess villi

A

PEYER’S GLAND

64
Q

secretes lysozyme, phospholipase, and defensin
protect stomach against bacterial infection

A

PANETH CELLS

65
Q

extends from the ileum to the anus
about 1.5 meters long
greater in size, more fixed position, its sacculated form than the small intestine

A

LARGE INTESTINE

66
Q

entrance to the large intestine from the small intestine
large blind pouch situated below the colic valve
it is 6.25 cm in length and 7.5 cm in breadth

A

CECUM

67
Q

valve guiding the entrance from ileum to cecum
terminates by opening into the inner and back part of the large intestine

A

ILEO-CECAL VALVE

68
Q

divided into: ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon

A

COLON

69
Q

continuous with the sigmoid colon and ends in the anal canal

A

RECTUM

70
Q

termination portion of the large intestine
exit of toxic waste

A

ANAL CANAL

71
Q

largest solid organ in the body
measures about 8 inches long, 6.5 inches wide, and 4.5 inches thick; weighs about 1.6 kg
a wedge shaped and described as a right angled triangular prism (in situ)
located at the whole right hypochondrium, the epigastric, and some part of left hypochondrium
produces bile wc helps in digestion of fats

A

LIVER

72
Q

square lobe under the right lobe of the liver

A

QUADRATE LOBE

73
Q

deeper impression above colic impression

A

RENAL IMPRESSION

74
Q

slightly marked impression produced by the duodenum near the gall bladder

A

DUODENAL IMPRESSION

75
Q

shallow depression formed by right colic flexure

A

COLIC IMPRESSION

76
Q

small triangular depressed area

A

SUPRARENAL IMPRESSION

77
Q

point of entry for the hepatic portal vein and proper
hepatic artery and a point of exit for the bile passages

A

PORTA HEPATIS

78
Q

acts as reservoir for bile
conical or pear shaped musculo membranous sac
is about 7 to 10 cm in length, 2.5 cm in breadth, and it holds from 30 to 35 cc

A

GALL BLADDER

79
Q

long and irregular prismatic in shape
found retroperitoneally
12.5 to 15 cm long, and weighs from 60 to 100g

A

PANCREAS

80
Q

production of enzymes
secretes pancreatic juice
found in head portion

A

EXOCRINE

81
Q

production of hormones
secretes insulin and glucagon, for blood sugar level
found in tail portion

A

ENDOCRINE

82
Q

regulates the release of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum
found at the head portion

A

SPHINCTER OF ODDI
or the HEPATOPANCREATIC SPHINCTER

83
Q

the union of bile duct and the main pancreatic duct forms an expanded chamber called the AMPULLA / HEPATO PANCREATIC AMPULLA

A

AMPULLA OF VATER

84
Q

these are hepatic cells that removes bacteria and debris from the blood

A

KUPFFER CELLS

GENERAL ANATOMY 1 (6 decks)

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