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ELS - T1Q2 - 12 > M6S3: Perpetuation of Life Genetic Engineering > Flashcards

M6S3: Perpetuation of Life Genetic Engineering Flashcards

1
Q

A process by which scientists alter the genetic material of an organism by adding, deleting, or modifying specific genes to produce desired traits

A

Genetic Engineering

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2
Q

This technology allows for precise manipulation of DNA, enabling the creation of organisms with new or enhanced characteristics

A

Genetic Engineering

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3
Q

Involves using enzymes and various laboratory techniques to manipulate and isolate DNA segments of interest

A

Recombinant DNA Technology

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4
Q

James Watson and Francis Crick, with contributions from Rosalind Franklin, discover the double helix structure of DNA

A

Discovery of DNA Structure (1953)

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5
Q
  • Paul Berg creates the first recombinant DNA molecule
  • Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer insert recombinant plasmid into bacteria, proving foreign DNA can be expressed in living organisms
A

Birth of Molecular Cloning (1972 - 1973)

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6
Q

Scientists, ethicists, and policymakers discuss the risks and ethical implications of genetic engineering

A

Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA (1975)

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7
Q

Commercialization and Impact (1980s-Present)

  • Approval of human insulin produced by genetically modified bacteria
A

First Application (1982)

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8
Q

Commercialization and Impact (1980s-Present)

  • Development of GM crops (e.g., herbicide-resistant soybeans, pest-resistant corn) increases food security
A

Agriculture

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9
Q

Commercialization and Impact (1980s-Present)

  • Production of biopharmaceuticals (e.g., insulin, growth hormones) and advancements in gene therapy
A

Medicine

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10
Q

What is an example of a biopharmaceutical produced using genetic engineering?

A

Insulin, growth hormones

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11
Q

Agriculture: Enhanced crop yields, reduced chemical use, improved food security

Medicine: Development of treatments, biopharmaceuticals, gene therapy

Industrial Biotechnology: Production of enzymes, biofuels, and chemicals using GMOs.

Impact: Contributions to sustainability and health

A

Impact on Biotechnology

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12
Q

Concerns: Potential risks to health and environment, ethical implications

Regulation: Establishment of frameworks to ensure safe use of genetic engineering

Impact: Ongoing discussions about the responsible use of biotechnology

A

Ethical and Regulatory Considerations

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13
Q

The Process of Genetic Engineering

  • Scientists first identify the gene of interest, which could be responsible for a specific trait or function
A

Gene Identification and Isolation

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14
Q

The Process of Genetic Engineering

  • the isolated gene is inserted into a vector, such as a plasmid, which is a small, circular piece of DNA that can replicate independently within a host cell
A

Gene Cloning

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15
Q

The Process of Genetic Engineering

  • the cloned gene is then inserted into the genome of the target organism using techniques such as microinjection, gene gun, or CRISPR-Cas9
A

Gene Insertion

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16
Q

The Process of Genetic Engineering

  • genetically modified organism (GMO) is grown and tested to ensure that the new gene is expressed correctly and that the desired trait is present
A

Expression and Testing

17
Q

This technique involves combining DNA from two different sources to create recombinant DNA

A

Recombinant DNA Technology

18
Q

It is then introduced into an organism, enabling it to produce new proteins or traits

A

Recombinant DNA

19
Q

A powerful and precise tool that allows scientists to edit specific genes within an organism’s genome

A

CRISPR - Cas9

20
Q

It is used to reduce or eliminate the expression of specific genes

A

Gene Silencing (RNAi)

21
Q

Which genetic engineering technique is used to reduce or eliminate the expression of specific genes?

A

Gene Silencing (RNAi)

22
Q

Technology is commonly used to edit specific genes within an organism’s genome?

A

CRISPR-Cas9

23
Q

Benefits of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)

What are the benefits in Agricultural Benefits?

A
  • Increased Crop Yields
  • Improved Nutritional Content
24
Q

Benefits of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)

What are the benefits in Medical Benefits?

A
  • Production of Therapeutic Proteins
  • Gene Therapy
25
Q

Benefits of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)

What are the benefits in Environmental Benefits?

A

Reduced Chemical Use

26
Q

The copying of a specific gene of interest to produce multiple identical copies

A

Gene Cloning

ELS - T1Q2 - 12 (6 decks)

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