M5S1: Bioenergetics

Question 1

Smallest unit of life

Answer 1

Cells

Question 2

With nucleus

Answer 2

Eukaryotic

Question 3

Without nucleus

Answer 3

Prokaryotic

Question 4

What are the Cell Theory?

Answer 4

1. All living things are composed of one or more cells
2. The Cell is the Basic Unit of Life of Structure and Organization in Organism
3. All Cells Arise from Pre - existing Cells

Question 5

Cell Theory
- All living things are composed of one or more cells

Answer 5

Prokaryotes - Unicellular
Eukaryotes - Multicellular

Question 6

Unicellular - can only manage single cells

Answer 6

Prokaryotes

Question 7

Multicellular - can manage multiple cells

Answer 7

Eukaryotes

Question 8

Cell Theory

New cells are formed through a process called?

Answer 8

Cell Division

Question 9

Cell Theory

this process is essential for growth, repair, and reproduction in living organisms

Answer 9

All Cells Arise from Pre - Existing Cells

Question 10

A process that results in two genetically identical daughter cells from a single parent cell

Answer 10

Mitosis (Asexual Reproduction)

Question 11

A specialized form of cell division that produces gametes (sperm and egg cells), reducing the chromosome number by half, ensuring genetic diversity in sexually reproducing organisms

Answer 11

Meiosis (Sexual Reproduction)

Question 12

What are the 3 Basic Cell Structure?

Answer 12

Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Cell Membrane

Question 13

Cell Structure and Function

It controls center of the cell, often referred to as the “brain” of the cell

Answer 13

Nucleus

Question 14

Cell Structure and Function

Inside the nucleus is the ______, where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized and combined with proteins to form ribosomes

Answer 14

Nucleolus

Question 15

Cell Structure and Function

It is known as the plasma membrane, is a selectively permeable barrier that surrounds the cell, controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell

Answer 15

Cell Membrane

Question 16

Cell Structure and Function

jelly like substance within the cell that contains all the organelles, excluding the nucleus

Answer 16

Cytoplasm

Question 17

Cell Structure and Function

“powerhouses” of the cell, responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP

Answer 17

Mitochondria

Question 18

Cell Structure and Function

a network of membranous tubules and sacs that lacks ribosomes on its surface, distinguishing it from the rough ER

Answer 18

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

Question 19

Cell Structure and Function

an extensive network of membranes studded with ribosomes, giving it a rough appearance

Answer 19

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

Question 20

Cell Structure and Function

the organelles in plant cells responsible for photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose

(this is for plant cells only)

Answer 20

Chloroplast

Question 21

Cell Structure and Function

a rigid layer that surrounds the cell membrane, providing support and protection

(only in plant cells, fungi, and some protists)

Answer 21

Cell Wall

Question 22

Cell Structure and Function

membrane-bound organelles containing digestive enzymes

Answer 22

Lysosome

Question 23

Cell Structure and Function

small, membrane-bound sacs that transport materials within the cell

Answer 23

Vesicles

Question 24

Cell Structure and Function

the process by which unspecialized cells (stem cells) develop into distinct cell types with specific structures and functions

Answer 24

Cell Specialization

Question 25

Cell Structure and Function

group together to form tissues (muscle tissue), which then combine to form organs (heart), and organs work together in systems (circulatory system) to maintain the organism’s function

Answer 25

Specialized Cells

Question 26

Cell Structure and Function

What is the Hierarchy of Organization

Answer 26

Cells > Tissues > Organs > System

Question 27

Cell Structure and Function

specialized for contraction, enabling movement.

Answer 27

Muscle Cells (Myocytes)

Question 28

Cell Structure and Function

specialized for transmitting electrical signals throughout the body. They have long extensions called axons and dendrites to communicate with other neurons, muscles, and glands.

Answer 28

Nerve Cells (Neurons)

Question 29

Cell Structure and Function

red blood cells are specialized for transporting oxygen from the lungs to tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues back to the lungs. Uniquely shaped as biconcave

Answer 29

Muscle Cells (Myocytes)

Question 30

Cell Structure and Function

forms protective layers (epithelia) that cover body surfaces and line cavities

Answer 30

Epithelial Cells

Question 31

How Cells Work Together in Multicellular Organisms

cells communicative and coordinate their activities through chemical signals (hormones, neurotransmitters) and direct contact (gap junctions in animal cells)

Answer 31

Cell Signaling````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````

Question 32

Cell Structure and Function

Question 33

Cell Structure and Function