M6 Flashcards
varieties
of methods of data collection
- survey
- obervation
- data
- experiment
- population
- biased question
- control group
- treatment group
- skewed data
Measure characteristics of interest about a population using a selected sample without making connections between the data.
survey
Researchers determine whether an existing condition called a factor is
related to a characteristic of interest.
observation
It refers to the information gathered from the respondents/participants.
data
Researchers create a condition by applying a treatment and seeing if it has any effect on characteristics of interest. It is conducted with a scientific approach using two sets
of variables.
experiment
It is generally a large collection of individuals or objects that is the main focus of a scientific query. It is the broader group of people to whom your results will apply.
population
The wording may lead the respondent to think a certain way. It is a type of question that pushes respondents to answer in a specific manner based on the way they
are framed.
biased question
It refers to the group that does not get the treatment or is not given
special instructions to follow.
control group
It refers to the group that gets the treatment or is given special
instructions to follow.
treatment group
It is when a curve appears distorted in a statistical distribution.
skewed data
collecting information about a
group of people by asking them questions and analyzing the results. The researcher must understand the right mode of inquiry for establishing an inference whether in a large group of people or from a small number of people in a group.
survey
to present and explain the actual experiences of a certain population.
survey
four main ways to conduct surveys
- in-person interviews
- telephone
- over the internet
what interviews have the highest
response rates and provide the closest personal contact with respondents.
in-person
what surveys have
lower response rates and still provide some personal contact with respondents. they can also be
costly but are generally less so than in-person interviews.
telephone
what surveys are less costly steel but generally have even lower response rates- making them most susceptible to non-response bias.
what surveys are becoming more common. They are increasingly easy to construct and use. Although initial contact can be made by email by mail with a link provided the survey, this approach does not necessarily produce higher response rates than an ordinary mail survey.
internet
the _____________ method is preferred by many researchers due to its various advantages,
strengths, and benefits.
survey
advantages of survey
- high representativeness
- low costs
- convenient data gathering
- good statistical significance
- precise results
Surveys provide a high level of general capability in representing
a large population. Due to the usual huge number of people who answer surveys, the data being
gathered possess a better description of their relative characteristics of the general population
involved in the study.
high representativeness
As compared to other methods of data gathering, surveys can extract data that are near to the exact attributes of the larger population.
high representativeness
When conducting surveys, you only need to pay to produce survey questionnaires.
It is one of the most affordable ways to gather data. This method has little to no cost though
strong targeting is necessary if you want to have the highest possible response rate and receive
the most accurate results.
low costs
Surveys can be given to the participants through a variety of
ways. The questionnaires can simply be sent via email, or it can be administered through the
Internet. Nowadays, the online survey method has been the most popular way of gathering data
from the target participants. Aside from the convenience of data gathering, researchers can
collect data from people around the globe.
convenient data gathering
Because of the high representativeness brought about by the survey method, it is often easier to find significant results than other data gathering methods.
good statistical significance
Ask questions in the survey should undergo careful scrutiny and
standardization, they provide uniform definitions to all the subjects who are to answer the
questionnaires. Thus, there is a greater precision in terms of measuring the data gathered.
precise results
It is a qualitative research technique where researchers observe participants’ ongoing behavior in a natural situation. Depending on the type of observation research and the goal of the study, the researcher will have varying levels of participation in the study.
observation
take place
in natural settings and involve the researcher taking lengthy and descriptive notes of what is
happening. It is argued that there are limits to the situations that can be observed in their
‘natural’ settings and that the presence of the researcher may lead to problems with validity.
observation
involve the use of our sensory systems (including eyes and ears) to record behavior.
observations
the most common and the simplest method of
data collection.
observation
you will randomly select people and you need to split them into groups, and they will now be your
control group.
experiment
a controlled study in which the researcher attempts to
understand cause-and-effect relationships. The study is “controlled” in the sense that the
researcher controls (1) how subjects are assigned to groups and (2) which treatments each group
receives.
experiment
It provides researchers with a high level of control. Each variable can be controlled on its own or in different combinations to study what possible outcomes are available for a product, theory, or idea as well.
experimental
There is no limit to the subject matter or industry involved. It is
not limited to a specific industry or type of idea. It can be used in a wide variety of situations.
experimental
Experimental research provides conclusions that are specific.
EXPERIMENTAL
provide a high level of general capability in representing
a large population.
SURVEY
one of the main bases of formulating
hypotheses.
OBSERVATION
In other methods like interview, questionnaire etc., the researcher has to depend on information provided by the respondents. these are indirect methods and here the
investigator does not have any means to examine the accuracy of the data supplied by them.
OBSERVATION
the researchers may make judgements, make value statements, or misunderstand what have been observed
OBSERVATION
personal bias, personal view or looking at things in a particular way often creates obstacle for
making valid generalization
observation
advantages of observation
- simplest method
- useful for framing hypothesis
- greater accuracy
