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AQ Post Mortem Meat Inspection > M5 Pathology > Flashcards

M5 Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

5 Signs of systemic involvement

A
  1. Fevered carcass
  2. Petechial haemorrhages
  3. Acute or active abscesses
  4. Other acute/active lesions
  5. Enlarged spleen
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2
Q

How disease gets into an animal

A
  1. Inhalation
  2. Ingestion
  3. Trauma
  4. Congenital
  5. Copulation
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3
Q

Causes of disease (4)

A
  1. Physical - migrating parasites
  2. Physiological - emaciation
  3. Chemical - ISL, adenocarcinoma
  4. Infectious - bacteria, virus, parasites
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4
Q

How does disease spread

A

Tissue to tissue
Tissue spaces
Blood
Lymph

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5
Q

What do Parasites do?

A
  1. Cause extensive tissue damage
  2. Rob the host of food
  3. Mechanical obstruction of passages by compression of organs
  4. Cause traumatic damage
  5. Cause secondary infections by bacteria
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6
Q

6 Bacteria examples

A
  1. Tetanus
  2. TB
  3. Lepto
  4. Listeria
  5. CLA
  6. Gangrene
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7
Q

6 Viral examples

A
  1. Foot and mouth
  2. Influenza
  3. Scrapie
  4. Hepatitis
  5. ORF
  6. AIDS
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8
Q

6 Parasite examples

A
  1. Lice
  2. Ticks
  3. Fleas
  4. Worms
  5. Hydatids
  6. Liver fluke
  7. Trichinosis
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9
Q

How does bacteria cause disease?

A

They produce and secrete toxins and destroy tissues

  • evade WBC
  • turn off (trick)
  • interfere with temperature
  • attack healthy cells
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10
Q

Disease process (9)

A
  1. Cell damage
  2. Chemotaxis
  3. Hyperaemia
  4. Inflammatory exudate (forms fibrin)
  5. Fibrin forms around infection
  6. Abscess
  7. Fibrin forms over the infection
  8. Repair
  9. Resolved
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11
Q

Describe how pathogens invade the body via inhalation

A

A pathogen can be breathed in, in the form of dust or fumes or carried in with oxygen. They attach to the mucus of the mouth and carried to the pluck (or GIT)

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12
Q

Describe how pathogens invade the body via Ingestion

A

A pathogen can be taken to the GIT through the fodder

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13
Q

Describe how pathogens invade the body via Trauma

A

Any physical injury or wound (tripping/shearing/docking, arthritis) may cause formation of an abscess as the result of infection, migrating parasites

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14
Q

Describe how pathogens invade the body via parasites

A

Destroy tissues and organs, rob the host of food, and can cause secondary infection by bacteria and transmitting other diseases

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15
Q

Describe how bacteria in a liver abscess can spread to the spleen

A

Contiguous spread from tissue to tissue (close proximity)

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16
Q

Describe how bacteria in a liver abscess can spread to the kidneys

A

Through arterial circulation (blood)

17
Q

Explain how cells from a cancer in the mesentery can spread to the liver

A

Tissue to tissue, or via the mesenteric vein to the liver (portal circulation)

18
Q

What is the red ring of tissue that forms around an infection site?

A

Dilated blood vessels increasing blood supply at the site of infection (still resolving) - hyperaemia

19
Q

How would you describe an acute disease

A

Redness, swelling, LN involvement, short duration

20
Q

What are the signs of chronic disease

A

Presence of white fibrous tissue (enlargement), long duration, probably no LN involvement

21
Q

Signs of an active lesion

A

Could have fibrin, swollen, may have LN involvement

22
Q

Describe how a capsule forms around an infection site

A

Inflammatory exudate, fibrin, white fibrous tissue forms around the infection, forms a capsule. Pus develops within the capsul. Pus consists of: bacteria, WBC, dead cells and exudate

23
Q

How would you describe an abscess in a parotid LN, a smaller but similar abscess int the atlantal LN

A

Acute and actively progressive

24
Q

How would you describe a large chronic abscess in the submaxillary LN, smaller but similar abscesses in the lung tissue, mesenteric LN’s and liver

A

Generalised because it has spread to different regions of the body (only portal system)

25
Q

What is the term Generalised

A

Wide spread through the body, doesn’t always have to involve the blood, may not always be a food safety issue

26
Q

What is the term Systemic

A

Involves the aorta (cause is in the blood), always active or acute, always food safety issue

27
Q

How would you describe a small acute abscess in the submaxillary LN, similar abcesses in the lung tissue, spleen and kidney

A

Systemic because it is acute and involves the aorta

28
Q

Significance of petechial hemorrhages

A

With PH - it is a classic or common sign of systemic involvement

29
Q

Why are generalised conditions not usually kept

A
  1. Yuck factor
  2. Possibility with some conditions for it to be food safety issue (Icterus, Uremia)
  3. Not practical to trim (eg. with ovis)
30
Q

Why would blood for edible purposes be unsuitable if it was saved from an animal that was condemned for multiple abscesses

A

The blood may be contaminated with bacteria and therefore a food safety issue

31
Q

Why would a liver with a small abscess not be suitable for petfood

A

Bacteria can contaminate other food product, surfaces and personnel. It may still not be destroyed

32
Q

Signs of benign disease (6)

A
  1. Slow growing
  2. Encapsulated
  3. Well defined borders
  4. Won’t spread
  5. Grows on and out of tissues
  6. Pink centre
33
Q

Signs of malignant disease (6)

A
  1. Rapid growing
  2. No capsule
  3. No defined border
  4. Spreads and invasive
  5. Grows in and through tissues
  6. Necrotic centre
34
Q

Two keywords for repair process

A
  1. Shrink

2. Bind

35
Q

The effects of cancer on the body

A
  1. Rob of nutrients (intestines)/vitality (metabolism)
    (Loss of weight)
  2. Destroys healthy tissues
  3. Pressure from getting bigger and bigger - interupt lymph drainage
  4. Secondary infections

AQ Post Mortem Meat Inspection (25 decks)

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