M4, T1, word recognition model and tests Flashcards
Word recognition model
*look up image
Word recog model - visual orthographic analysis
- Each letter = one unit
A=a - Font or case irrelevant
- Identifies letters
- Codes letter position
- May perceptually groups letter together
-> CHURCH = CH/UR/CH - Used for words and nonwords
Word recog model - orthographic input lexicon
- Visual word recognition units
- Store of familiar written words
- Lexicon of printed words
- Used to differentiate between familiar and unfamiliar words
- Word activation occurs over time
Word recog model - Grapheme to phoneme conversion
Letter to sound rules
-> Grapheme to phoneme correspondence rules
Read words and nonwords by translating graphemes into phonemes
letters -> sounds
Cannot use successfully for irregular words e.g. have, done
Word recog model - semantic system
- Semantic memory
- Meaning of spoken word, written word and objects known to person
- How concepts are represented in this system?
- One idea each unit semantic system = feature
- Comprehension of a word or object involves activation each unit that corresponds to the of feature(s) of a word/object
- Activation occurs over time
Word recog model - orthographic output lexicon
- Mental dictionary of all the words you can spell or write
- Lexicon for spelling/writing of words
- Lexical activation rises over time
- Intended spelling goes to Orthographic Output Buffer
Orthographic output buffer
- Holding buffer for temporary storage of material from Orthographic Output Lexicon
- Holds sequences of letters until word production is complete
- Needed as writing or spelling of a word may require repeated search Orthographic Output Lexicon for each letter -> slow process
- Word length effects operate here
Word recog model - phonological output lexicon
- Lexical entries of person’s own vocabulary
- Store of spoken form of familiar words
- Activation rises over time
- Activations starts from time person intends to say word
- Higher frequency words “recognised” earlier than lower frequency words
Word recog model - phonological output buffer
- Temporary storage for phonemes to be uttered
- Easier than a phoneme-by-phoneme production of speech
- Slips of the tongue occur here
- Word length effects operate here
Word recog model - phoneme to grapheme conversion
- Sound to letter rules
- Grapheme: Letter or sequence of letters
- Phoneme: sounds of letter(s)
- Use PGC rules translate spoken word or nonword to spelling
-> Yacht – yot
-> Phone – foan or fone - Spelling of unfamiliar words or nonwords
Word recog model - visual orthographic analysis - tests
Test: Cross case matching
- Mark the capital letter that matches the small letter
-> f
-> T F
Test: Word or Nonword matching
- Do these two words (nonwords) have the same letters in them?
-> Tower-TOWER
-> lmeon- DMEON
Word recog model - orthographic input - tests
Test: Written lexical decision
- Is this a real word?
-> KED
-> DOLL
Test: Read aloud exception words
- Read these words to me
-> YACHT
-> PINT
Word recog model - orthographic input lexicon - tests
Test: Understand written words (define, match to picture)
-> Point to the picture of a GOAT (among other images)
Word recog model - grapheme-phoneme conversion - tests
Test: Read aloud nonwords
- Read aloud these nonsense words
-> KED
-> NAR
Test: Decide if a printed nonword sounds like a real word
- Point to the made-up word below that sounds like the word FOX
-> Phocks -> Phoalks
Word recog model - semantic system - tests 1 and 2
Test : Match pictures and written words
- Which picture matches the word SPIDER? (choose from four images)
Test : Name to written definition
- Write down the name of the animal known as the king of the jungle
- Tell me the name of the animal known as the king of the jungle
Word recog model - semantic system - tests 3/4/5
Test : Define to written name
- Please write down the meaning of the word “CHAIR”
-> Something you sit in or on
Test : Written synonym judgement
- Read the two words below and tell me if they have the same meaning.
Big / Large
Test : Associates of written words
- Point to the picture that goes with the word
MOP (choose picture of association from four images)
Word recog model - orthographic output lexicon - tests
Test: Written naming to written definition
- Write down the name of the animal known as the king of the jungle
Word recog model - orthographic output buffer - test 1
Test: Written naming to written definition
! If there is a problem it will be evident for long compared to short words
- Write down the name of the animal known as the king of the jungle
- Write down the name of the animal that is grey in colour and has large ears and a trunk.
Word recog model - orthographic output buffer - test 2
Test: Spontaneous text writing
! If there is a problem it will be evident for long compared to short words
- Write down what you did yesterday
“I went for a walk along the seaside and saw some birds flying around”
“I went for a walk along the sea…side and saw some birds fly…ing…ar..ound.”
Word recog model - phonological output lexicon - tests
Test: Spoken naming to written definition
- Tell me the name of the animal known as the king of the jungle
Test: Spontaneous speech
- Tell me what you did yesterday
“I went for a walk along the sea & saw some birds”
“I we…went..f..for…a…a…sea..”
Word recog model - phonological output buffer - tests
Test : Spontaneous speech
! If there is a problem it will be evident for long compared to short words
- Tell me what you did yesterday
Test: Spoken naming to written definition
! If there is a problem it will be evident for long compared to short words
- Name the animal known as the king of the jungle
- Name the animal that is grey in colour and has large ears and a trunk.
Word recog model - phoneme grapheme conversion - tests
Test: Write exception words as they sound
- Please write each word out as it sounds
YACHT -> yot
FOX -> focks
PHONE -> fone
