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Advanced Pharm-2024 > M4: Respiratory, cold, pna, TB, URI, smoking cess. > Flashcards

M4: Respiratory, cold, pna, TB, URI, smoking cess. Flashcards

14, 32, 45, 46, 48, and 49

1
Q

Digoxin levels need to be monitored closely when the following medication is started:
1.Loratadine
2.Diphenhydramine
3.Ipratropium
4.Albuterol

A

4.Albuterol

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2
Q

Long-acting beta-agonists (LTBAs) received a Black Box Warning from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration due to the:
1.Risk of life-threatening dermatological reactions
2.Increased incidence of cardiac events when LTBAs are used
3.Increased risk of asthma-related deaths when LTBAs are used
4.Risk for life-threatening alterations in electrolytes

A

3.Increased risk of asthma-related deaths when LTBAs are used

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2
Q

Patients with pheochromocytoma should avoid which of the following classes of drugs because ofthe possibility of developing hypertensive crisis?
1.Expectorants
2.Beta-2-agonists
3.Antitussives
4.Antihistamines

A

2.Beta-2-agonists

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3
Q

Harold, a 42-year-old African American, has moderate persistent asthma. Which of the following asthma medications should be used cautiously, if at all?
1.Betamethasone, an inhaled corticosteroid
2.Salmeterol, an inhaled long-acting beta-agonist
3.Albuterol, a short-acting beta-agonist
4.Montelukast, a leukotriene modifier

A

2.Salmeterol, an inhaled long-acting beta-agonist

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4
Q

The bronchodilator of choice for patients taking propranolol is:
1.Albuterol
2.Pirbuterol
3.Formoterol
4.Ipratropium

A

4.Ipratropium

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5
Q

James is a 52-year-old overweight smoker taking theophylline for his persistent asthma. He tells his provider he is going to start the Atkin’s diet for weight loss. The appropriate response would be:
1. Congratulate him on making a positive change in his life.
2. Recommend he try stopping smoking instead of the Atkin’s diet.
3. Schedule him for regular testing of serum theophylline levels during his diet due to increased excretion of theophylline.
4. Decrease his theophylline dose because a high-protein diet may lead to elevated theophylline levels.

A
  1. Recommend he try stopping smoking instead of the Atkin’s diet.

??

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6
Q

Li takes theophylline for his persistent asthma and calls the office with a complaint of nausea, vomiting, and headache. The best advice for him would be to:
1.Reassure him this is probably a viral infection and should be better soon
2.Have him seen the same day for an assessment and theophylline level
3. Schedule him for an appointment in 2 to 3 days, which he can cancel if he is better
4. Order a theophylline level at the laboratory for him

A
  1. Schedule him for an appointment in 2 to 3 days, which he can cancel if he is better
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6
Q

Christy has exercise-induced and mild persistent asthma and is prescribed two puffs of albuterol 15 minutes before exercise and as needed for wheezing. One puff per day of beclomethasone (QVAR) is also prescribed. Teaching regarding her inhalers includes:
1. Use one to two puffs of albuterol per day to prevent an attack with no more than eight puffs per day
2. Beclomethasone needs to be used every day to treat her asthma
3. Report any systemic side effects she is experiencing, such as weight gain
4. Use the albuterol metered-dose inhaler (MDI) immediately after her corticosteroid MDI to facilitate bronchodilation

A
  1. Beclomethasone needs to be used every day to treat her asthma
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7
Q

Tiotropium bromide (Spiriva) is an inhaled anticholinergic:
1. Used for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
2. Used in the treatment of asthma
3. Combined with albuterol for treatment of asthma exacerbations
4. Combined with fluticasone for the treatment of persistent asthma

A
  1. Used for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
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8
Q

Montelukast (Singulair) may be prescribed for:
1. A 6-year-old child with exercise-induced asthma
2. A 2-year-old child with moderate persistent asthma
3. An 18-month-old child with seasonal allergic rhinitis
4. None of the above; montelukast is not approved for use in children

A
  1. A 2-year-old child with moderate persistent asthma
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8
Q

When prescribing montelukast (Singulair) for asthma, patients or parents of patients should be instructed:
1. Montelukast twice a day is started when there is an asthma exacerbation.
2. Patients may experience weight gain on montelukast.
3. Aggression, anxiety, depression, and/or suicidal thoughts may occur when taking montelukast.
4. Lethargy and hypersomnia may occur when taking montelukast.

A
  1. Aggression, anxiety, depression, and/or suicidal thoughts may occur when taking montelukast.
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9
Q

The known drug interactions with the inhaled corticosteroid beclomethasone (QVAR) include:
1. Albuterol
2. MMR vaccine
3. Insulin
4. None of the above

A
  1. None of the above
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10
Q

When educating patients who are starting on inhaled corticosteroids, the provider should tell them that:
1. They need to get any live vaccines before starting the medication.
2. Inhaled corticosteroids need to be used daily during asthma exacerbations to be effective.
3. Patients should rinse their mouths out after using the inhaled corticosteroid to prevent thrush.
4. They can triple the dose number of inhalations of medication during colds to prevent needing systemic steroids.

A
  1. Patients should rinse their mouths out after using the inhaled corticosteroid to prevent thrush.
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11
Q

Patients with allergic rhinitis may benefit from a prescription of:
1. Fluticasone (Flonase)
2. Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
3. OTC cromolyn nasal spray (Nasalcrom)
4. Any of the above

A
  1. Any of the above
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12
Q

First-generation antihistamines such as loratadine (Claritin) are prescribed for seasonal allergies because they are:
1. More effective than first-generation antihistamines
2. Less sedating than the first-generation antihistamines
3. Prescription products, therefore are covered by insurance
4. Able to be taken with central nervous system (CNS) sedatives, such as alcohol

A

None of the above; Claritin is a 2nd gen med which would be less effective than gen 1, but LESS sedating.

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13
Q

Howard is a 72-year-old male who occasionally takes diphenhydramine for his seasonal allergies. Monitoring for this patient taking diphenhydramine would include assessing for:
1. Urinary retention
2. Cardiac output
3. Peripheral edema
4. Skin rash

A
  1. Urinary retention
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14
Q

When recommending dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) to treat motion sickness, patients should be instructed to:
1. Take the dimenhydrinate after they get nauseated
2. Drink lots of water while taking the dimenhydrinate
3. Take the dimenhydrinate 15 minutes before it is needed
4. Double the dose if one tablet is not effective

A
  1. Take the dimenhydrinate 15 minutes before it is needed
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14
Q

Cough and cold medications that contain a sympathomimetic decongestant such as phenylephrine should be used cautiously in what population:
1. Older adults
2. Hypertensive patients
3. Infants
4. All of the above

A
  1. All of the above
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15
Q

Decongestants such as pseudoephedrine (Sudafed):
1. Are Schedule III drugs in all states
2. Should not be prescribed or recommended for children under 4 years of age
3. Are effective in treating the congestion children experience with the common cold
4. May cause drowsiness in patients of all ages

A
  1. Should not be prescribed or recommended for children under 4 years of age
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16
Q

Prior to developing a plan for the treatment of asthma, the patient’s asthma should be classified according to the NHLBI Expert Panel 3 guidelines. In adults mild-persistent asthma is classified as asthma symptoms that occur:
1.Daily
2.Daily and limit physical activity
3.Less than twice a week
4.More than twice a week and less than once a day

A

4.More than twice a week and less than once a day

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16
Q

Martin is a 60-year-old patient with hypertension. The first-line decongestant to prescribe would be:
1. Oral pseudoephedrine
2. Oral phenylephrine
3. Nasal oxymetazoline
4. Nasal azelastine

A
  1. Nasal oxymetazoline
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17
Q

The first-line treatment for cough related to an upper respiratory tract infection (URI) in a 5-year-old child is:
1. Fluids and symptomatic care
2. Dextromethorphan and guaifenesin syrup (Robitussin DM for Kids)
3. Guaifenesin and codeine syrup (Tussin AC)
4. Chlorpheniramine and dextromethorphan syrup (Nyquil for Kids)

A
  1. Fluids and symptomatic care
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18
Q

In children age 5 to 11 years mild-persistent asthma is diagnosed when asthma symptoms occur:
1.At nighttime one to two times a month
2.At nighttime three to four times a month
3.Less than twice a week
4.Daily

A

2.At nighttime three to four times a month

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19
Q

One goal of asthma therapy outlined by the NHLBI Expert Panel 3 guidelines is:
1.Ability to use albuterol daily to control symptoms
2.Minimize exacerbations to once a month
3.Keep nighttime symptoms at a maximum of twice a week
4.Require infrequent use of beta 2 agonists (albuterol) for relief of symptoms

A

4.Require infrequent use of beta 2 agonists (albuterol) for relief of symptoms

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20
Q

A stepwise approach to the pharmacologic management of asthma:
1.Begins with determining the severity of asthma and assessing asthma control
2.Is used when asthma is severe and requires daily steroids
3.Allows for each provider to determine their personal approach to the care of asthmatic patients
4.Provides a framework for the management of severe asthmatics, but is not as helpful when patients have intermittent asthma

A

1.Begins with determining the severity of asthma and assessing asthma control

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21
Q

Treatment for mild intermittent asthma is:
1.Daily inhaled medium-dose corticosteroids
2.Short-acting beta-2-agonists (albuterol) as needed
3.Long-acting beta-2-agonists every morning as a preventative
4.Montelukast (Singulair) daily

A

2.Short-acting beta-2-agonists (albuterol) as needed

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22
Q

The first-line therapy for mild-persistent asthma is:
1.High-dose montelukast
2.Theophylline
3.Low-dose inhaled corticosteroids
4.Long-acting beta-2-agonists

A

3.Low-dose inhaled corticosteroids

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23
Q

Monitoring a patient with persistent asthma includes:
1.Monitoring how frequently the patient has an upper respiratory infection (URI) during treatment
2. Monthly in-office spirometry testing
3. Determining if the patient has increased use of his or her long-acting beta-2-agonist due to exacerbations
4. Evaluating the patient every 1 to 6 months to determine if the patient needs to step up or down in their therapy

A
  1. Evaluating the patient every 1 to 6 months to determine if the patient needs to step up or down in their therapy
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24
Q

Asthma exacerbations at home are managed by the patient by:
1. Increasing frequency of beta-2-agonists and contacting their provider
2. Doubling inhaled corticosteroid doses
3. Increasing frequency of beta-2-agonists
4. Starting montelukast (Singulair)

A
  1. Increasing frequency of beta-2-agonists and contacting their provider
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25
Q

Patients who are at risk of a fatal asthma attack include patients:
1. With moderate persistent asthma
2. With a history of requiring intubation or ICU admission for asthma
3. Who are on daily inhaled corticosteroid therapy
4. Who are pregnant

A
  1. With a history of requiring intubation or ICU admission for asthma
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26
Q

Pregnant patients with asthma may safely use _______throughout their pregnancy.
1. Oral terbutaline
2. Prednisone
3. Inhaled corticosteroids (budesonide)
4. Montelukast (Singulair)

A
  1. Inhaled corticosteroids (budesonide)
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27
Q

One goal of asthma management in children is:
1. They independently manage their asthma
2. Participation in school and sports activities
3. No exacerbations
4. Minimal use of inhaled corticosteroids

A
  1. Participation in school and sports activities
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28
Q

Medications used in the management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) include:
1. Inhaled beta-2-agonists
2. Inhaled anticholinergics (ipratropium)
3. Inhaled corticosteroids
4. All of the above

A
  1. All of the above
29
Q

Patients with a COPD exacerbation may require:
1. Doubling of inhaled corticosteroid dose
2. Systemic corticosteroid burst
3. Continuous inhaled beta-2-agonists
4. Leukotriene therapy

A
  1. Systemic corticosteroid burst
30
Q

Patients with COPD require monitoring of:
1. Beta-2-agonist use
2. Serum electrolytes
3. Blood pressure
4. Neuropsychiatric effects of montelukast

A
  1. Beta-2-agonist use
31
Q

Education of patients with COPD who use inhaled corticosteroids includes:
1. Doubling the dose at the first sign of a URI
2. Using their inhaled corticosteroid first and then their bronchodilator
3. Rinsing their mouth after use
4. Abstaining from smoking for at least 30 minutes after using

A
  1. Rinsing their mouth after use
32
Q

Education for patients who use an inhaled beta-agonist and an inhaled corticosteroid includes:
1. Use the inhaled corticosteroid first, followed by the inhaled beta-agonists.
2. Use the inhaled beta-agonist first, followed by the inhaled corticosteroid.
3. Increase fluid intake to 3 liters per day.
4. Avoid use of aspirin or ibuprofen while using inhaled medications

A
  1. Use the inhaled beta-agonist first, followed by the inhaled corticosteroid.
33
Q

The first-line drug choice for a previously healthy adult patient diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia would be:
1.Ciprofloxacin
2.Azithromycin
3.Amoxicillin
4.Doxycyclin

A

2.Azithromycin

??

33
Q

The first-line antibiotic choice for a patient with comorbidities or who is immunosuppressed who has pneumonia and can be treated as an outpatient would be:
1.Levofloxacin
2.Amoxicillin
3.Ciprofloxacin
4.Cephalexin

A

1.Levofloxacin
??

33
Q

The most common bacterial pathogen in community-acquired pneumonia is:
1.Haemophilus influenzae
2.Staphylococcus aureus
3.Mycoplasma pneumoniae
4.Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

4.Streptococcus pneumoniae

34
Q

If an adult patient with comorbidities cannot reliably take oral antibiotics to treat pneumonia, an appropriate initial treatment option would be:
1.IV or IM gentamicin
2.IV or IM ceftriaxone
3.IV amoxicillin
4.IV ciprofloxacin

A

2.IV or IM ceftriaxone

35
Q

Along with prescribing antibiotics, adults with pneumonia should be instructed on lifestyle modifications to improve outcomes, including:
1.Adequate fluid intake
2. Increased fiber intake
3. Bedrest for the first 24 hours
4. All of the above

A

1.Adequate fluid intake

35
Q

Samantha is 34 weeks pregnant and has been diagnosed with pneumonia. She is stable enough to be treated as an outpatient. What would be an appropriate antibiotic to prescribe?
1.Levofloxacin
2.Azithromycin
3.Amoxicillin
4.Doxycycline

A

2.Azithromycin

36
Q

Adults with pneumonia who are responding to antimicrobial therapy should show improvement in their clinical status in:
1.12 to 24 hours
2.24 to 36 hours
3.48 to 72 hours
4.4 or 5 days

A

3.48 to 72 hours

37
Q

John is a 4-week-old infant who has been diagnosed with chlamydial pneumonia. An appropriate treatment for his pneumonia would be:
1. Levofloxacin
2. Amoxicillin
3. Erythromycin
4. Cephalexin

A
  1. Erythromycin
38
Q

Wing-Sing is a 4-year-old patient who has suspected bacterial pneumonia. He has a temperature of 102°F, oxygen saturation level of 95%, and is taking fluids adequately. What would be appropriate initial treatment for his pneumonia?
1. Ceftriaxone
2. Azithromycin
3. Cephalexin
4. Levofloxacin

A
  1. Ceftriaxone
39
Q

If a patient wants to quit smoking, nicotine replacement therapy is recommended if the patient:
1.Smokes more than 10 cigarettes a day
2.Smokes within 30 minutes of awakening in the morning
3.Smokes when drinking alcohol
4.All of the above

A

2.Smokes within 30 minutes of awakening in the morning

39
Q

Nicotine withdrawal symptoms include:
1.Nervousness
2.Increased appetite
3.Difficulty concentrating
4.All of the above

A

4.All of the above

39
Q

Giselle is a 14-year-old patient who presents to the clinic with symptoms consistent with mycoplasma pneumonia. What is the treatment for suspected mycoplasma pneumonia in an adolescent?
1. Ceftriaxone
2. Azithromycin
3. Ciprofloxacin
4. Levofloxacin

A
  1. Azithromycin
40
Q

Instructions for a patient who is starting nicotine replacement therapy include:
1.Smoke less than 10 cigarettes a day when starting nicotine replacement.
2.Nicotine replacement will help with the withdrawal cravings associated with quitting tobacco.
3.Nicotine replacement can be used indefinitely.
4.Nicotine replacement therapy is generally safe for all patients.

A

2.Nicotine replacement will help with the withdrawal cravings associated with quitting tobacco.

41
Q

Nicotine replacement therapy should not be used in which patients?
1.Pregnant women
2.Patients with worsening angina pectoris
3.Patients who have just suffered an acute myocardial infarction
4.All of the above

A

4.All of the above

42
Q

Instructions for the use of nicotine gum include:
1.Chew the gum quickly to get a peak effect.
2.The gum should be “parked” in the buccal space between chewing.
3.Acidic drinks such as coffee help with the absorption of the nicotine.
4.The highest abstinence rates occur if the patient chews the gum when he or she is having cravings.

A

2.The gum should be “parked” in the buccal space between chewing.

43
Q

The most common adverse effect of the transdermal nicotine replacement patch is:
1. Nicotine toxicity
2. Tingling at the site of patch application
3. Skin irritation under the patch site
4. Life-threatening dysrhythmias

A
  1. Skin irritation under the patch site
43
Q

Patients who choose the nicotine lozenge to assist in quitting tobacco should be instructed:
1.Chew the lozenge well.
2.Drink at least 8 ounces of water after the lozenge dissolves.
3.Use one lozenge every 1 to 2 hours (at least nine per day with a maximum of 20 per day).
4.A tingling sensation in the mouth should be reported to the provider.

A

3.Use one lozenge every 1 to 2 hours (at least nine per day with a maximum of 20 per day).

44
Q

Transdermal nicotine replacement (the patch) is an effective choice in tobacco cessation because:
1.The patch provides a steady level of nicotine without reinforcing oral aspects of smoking.
2.There is the ability to “fine tune” the amount of nicotine that is delivered to the
patient at any one time.
3. There is less of a problem with nicotine toxicity than with other forms of nicotine replacement.
4. Transdermal nicotine is safer in pregnancy.

A

1.The patch provides a steady level of nicotine without reinforcing oral aspects of smoking.

45
Q

If a patient is exhibiting signs of nicotine toxicity when using transdermal nicotine, they should remove the patch and:
1. Wash the area thoroughly with soap and water.
2. Flush the area with clear water.
3. Reapply a new patch in 8 hours.
4. Take acetaminophen for the headache associated with toxicity.

A
  1. Flush the area with clear water.
45
Q

If prescribing bupropion (Zyban) for tobacco cessation, the instructions to the patient include:
1. Bupropion (Zyban) is started 1 to 2 weeks before the quit date.
2. Nicotine replacement products should not be used with bupropion.
3. If they smoke when taking bupropion they may have increased anxiety and insomnia.
4. Because they are not using bupropion as an antidepressant, they do not need to worry about increased suicide ideation when starting therapy.

A
  1. Bupropion (Zyban) is started 1 to 2 weeks before the quit date.
46
Q

When a patient is prescribed nicotine nasal spray for tobacco cessation, instructions include:
1. Inhale deeply with each dose to ensure deposition in the lungs.
2. The dose is one to two sprays in each nostril per hour, not to exceed 40 sprays per day.
3. If they have a sensation of “head rush” this indicates the medication is working
well.
4. Nicotine spray may be used for up to 12 continuous months.

A
  1. The dose is one to two sprays in each nostril per hour, not to exceed 40 sprays per day.
47
Q

Varenicline (Chantix) may be prescribed for tobacco cessation. Instructions to the patient who is starting varenicline include:
1. The maximum time varenicline can be used is 12 weeks.
2. Nausea is a sign of varenicline toxicity and should be reported to the provider.
3. The starting regimen for varenicline is start taking 1 mg twice a day a week before the quit date.
4. Neuropsychiatric symptoms may occur.

A
  1. Neuropsychiatric symptoms may occur.
48
Q

The most appropriate smoking cessation prescription for pregnant women is:
1. A nicotine replacement patch at the lowest dose available
2. Bupropion (Zyban)
3. Varenicline (Chantix)
4. Nonpharmacologic measures

A
  1. Nonpharmacologic measures
49
Q

Drug resistant tuberculosis (TB) is defined as TB that is resistant to:
1.Fluoroquinolones
2.Rifampin and isoniazid
3.Amoxicillin
4.Ceftriaxone

A

2.Rifampin and isoniazid

50
Q

Goals when treating tuberculosis include:
1.Completion of recommended therapy
2.Negative purified protein derivative at the end of therapy
3.Completely normal chest x-ray
4.All of the above

A

1.Completion of recommended therapy

51
Q

The principles of drug therapy for the treatment of tuberculosis include:
1.Patients are treated with a drug to which M. tuberculosis is sensitive.
2.Drugs need to be taken on a regular basis for a sufficient amount of time.
3.Treatment continues until the patient’s purified protein derivative is negative.
4.All of the above

A

2.Drugs need to be taken on a regular basis for a sufficient amount of time.

52
Q

Kaleb has extensively resistant tuberculosis (TB). Treatment for extensively resistant TB wouldinclude:
1.INH, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol for at least 12 months
2.INH, ethambutol, kanamycin, and rifampin
3.Treatment with at least two drugs to which the TB is susceptible
4.Levofloxacin

A

3.Treatment with at least two drugs to which the TB is susceptible

52
Q

Isabella has confirmed tuberculosis and is placed on a 6-month treatment regimen. The 6-month regimen consists of:
1.Two months of four-drug therapy (INH, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol) followed by Four months of INH and rifampin
2.Six months of INH with daily pyridoxine throughout therapy
3.Six months of INH, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol
4.Any of the above

A

1.Two months of four-drug therapy (INH, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol) followed by Four months of INH and rifampin

53
Q

Lila is 24 weeks pregnant and has been diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB). Treatment regimens for a pregnant patient with TB would include:
1.Streptomycin
2.Levofloxacin
3.Kanamycin
4.Pyridoxine

A

4.Pyridoxine

54
Q

Bilal is a 5-year-old patient who has been diagnosed with tuberculosis. His treatment would include:
1.Pyridoxine
2.Ethambutol
3.Levofloxacin
4. Rifabutin

A

1.Pyridoxine

55
Q

Ezekiel is a 9-year-old patient who lives in a household with a family member newly diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB). To prevent Ezekiel from developing TB he should be treated with:
1. 6 months of Isoniazid (INH) and rifampin
2. 2 months of INH, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol, followed by 4 months of INH
3. 9 months of INH
4. 12 months of INH

A
  1. 9 months of INH
56
Q

Leonard is completing a 6-month regimen to treat tuberculosis (TB). Monitoring of a patient on TB therapy includes:
1. Monthly sputum cultures
2. Monthly chest x-ray
3. Bronchoscopy every 3 months
4. All of the above

A
  1. Monthly sputum cultures
57
Q

Compliance with directly observed therapy can be increased by:
1. Convenient clinic times
2. Incentives such as food, clothing, and transportation costs
3. Offering gifts for compliance
4. All of the above

A
  1. All of the above
    ??
58
Q

Caleb is an adult with an upper respiratory infection (URI). Treatment for his URI would include:
1.Amoxicillin
2.Diphenhydramine
3.Phenylpropanolamine
4.Topical oxymetazoline

A

4.Topical oxymetazoline

59
Q

Rose is a 3-year-old patient with an upper respiratory infection (URI). Treatment for her URI would include:
1.Amoxicillin
2.Diphenhydramine
3.Pseudoephedrine
4.Nasal saline spray

A

4.Nasal saline spray

60
Q

Patients who should be cautious about using decongestants for an upper respiratory infection (URI)include:
1.School-age children
2.Patients with asthma
3.Patients with cardiac disease
4.Patients with allergies

A

3.Patients with cardiac disease

61
Q

Jaheem is a 10-year-old low-risk patient with sinusitis. Treatment for a child with sinusitis is:
1.Amoxicillin
2.Azithromycin
3.Cephalexin
4.Levofloxacin

A

1.Amoxicillin

62
Q

Jacob has been diagnosed with sinusitis. He is the parent of a child in daycare. Treatment for sinusitis in an adult who has a child in daycare is:
1.Azithromycin 500 mg q day for 5 days
2.Amoxicillin-clavulanate 500 mg bid for 7 days
3.Ciprofloxacin 500 mg bid for 5 days
4.Cephalexin 500 mg qid for 5 days

A

2.Amoxicillin-clavulanate 500 mg bid for 7 days

63
Q

The length of treatment for sinusitis in a low-risk patient should be:
1.5–7 days
2.7–10 days
3.14–21 days
4.7 days beyond when symptoms cease

A

1.5–7 days

64
Q

Patient education for a patient who is prescribed antibiotics for sinusitis includes:
1.Use of nasal saline washes
2.Use of inhaled corticosteroids
3.Avoiding the use of ibuprofen while ill
4.Use of laxatives to treat constipation

A

1.Use of nasal saline washes

65
Q

Myles is a 2-year-old patient who has been diagnosed with acute otitis media. He is afebrile and has not been treated with antibiotics recently. First-line treatment for his otitis media would include:
1. Azithromycin
2. Amoxicillin
3. Ceftriaxone
4. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole

A
  1. Amoxicillin
66
Q

Alyssa is a 15-month-old patient who has been on amoxicillin for 2 days for acute otitis media. She is still febrile and there is no change in her tympanic membrane examination. What would be the plan of care for her?
1. Continue the amoxicillin for the full 10 days.
2. Change the antibiotic to azithromycin.
3. Change the antibiotic to amoxicillin/clavulanate.
4. Change the antibiotic to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.

A
  1. Change the antibiotic to amoxicillin/clavulanate.
67
Q

A child that may warrant “watchful waiting” instead of prescribing an antibiotic for acute otitis media includes patients who:
1. Are low risk with temperature of less than 39 or 102.2
2. Have reliable parents with transportation
3. Are older than age 2 years
4. All of the above

A
  1. All of the above
68
Q

Whether prescribing an antibiotic for a child with acute otitis media or not, the parents should be educated about:
1. Using decongestants to provide faster symptom relief
2. Providing adequate pain relief for at least the first 24 hours
3. Using complementary treatments for acute otitis media, such as garlic oil
4. Administering an antihistamine/decongestant combination (Dimetapp) so the child can sleep better

A
  1. Providing adequate pain relief for at least the first 24 hours
69
Q

First-line therapy for a patient with acute otitis externa (swimmer’s ear) and an intact tympanic membrane includes:
1. Swim-Ear drops
2. Ciprofloxacin and hydrocortisone drops
3. Amoxicillin
4. Gentamicin ophthalmic drops

A
  1. Ciprofloxacin and hydrocortisone drops

Advanced Pharm-2024 (19 decks)

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