M4 Demography Flashcards
What is DEMOGRAPHY?
the study of a population in its static and dynamic aspects.
What is the “Science of Population?’
DEMOGRAPHY
What is STATIC ASPECTS?
this includes the characteristics such as age, gender, and aspects.
What is DYNAMIC ASPECTS?
this involves the fertility and mortality.
What is the meaning of DEMOGRAPHY according to Gillard?
it is the natural and special history of human species.
What are the “EVENTS” in which the science focuses its attention on?
- change in population size
- population composition or structure
- distribution of population
What is the use of demography in Public Health Workers?
it helps in health, knowledge of growth, and dispersal of population groups.
What is POPULATION?
the number or body of inhabitants in a place belonging to a specific subgroup (social, cultural, socioeconomic, ethnic, or racial).
What is DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS?
the study of components of variation and change in demographic variables and the relationships between them. it is also a technique used to develop an understanding of the age, sex, and racial composition of a population.
What is POPULATION STUDY?
the study of the relationships between demographic variables and other variables such as social and economic variables.
What is POPULATION COMPOSITION?
it is structure based on gender, race, or other factors that can be inserted to.
What are under the SEX COMPOSITION?
- sex ratio
- sex structure
What are under the AGE COMPOSITION?
- median age
- dependency ratio
What is under the AGE & SEX COMPOSITION?
- population pyramid
What is COUNT?
the absolute number of population or any demographic event occurring in a specified area and time period.
What is RATIO?
it is the relation of one population subgroup to the total population of other subgroup; one subgroup is divided by another.
What is RATE?
it the frequency of demographic events in population. specified time period divided by the population “at risk” of the event occurring during that time period.
What is INCIDENCE RATE? (TYPES OF RATES)
the number of new cases of a disease divided by the number of persons at risk for the disease.
ex: 70 new cases of breast cancer per 1,000 women per year.
What is ATTACK RATE? (TYPES OF RATES)
the risk of getting the disease during a specified period, such as the duration of an outbreak.
ex: 130 persons developed diarrhea after attending a picnic.
What is PREVALENCE RATE? (TYPES OF RATES)
the total number of cases of a disease existing in a population divided by the total population.
ex: 70 influenza case-patients in March 2019 reported in Taguig City.
What is the CASE-FATALITY RATE? (TYPES OF RATES)
the proportion of people who die from a specified disease among all individuals diagnosed with the disease over a certain period of time.
ex: 2 deaths due to HIV in Pasay City.
What is PROPORTION?
the relation of a population subgroup to the entire population. population subgroup divided by the entire population.
What is CONSTANT?
an unchanging, arbitrary number by which rates, ratios, or proportions can be multiplied to express these measures in a more understandable way.
What is COHORT MEASURE?
a statistics that measures events occurring to a COHORT (a group of people sharing a common demographic experience).
What is PERIOD MEASURE?
a statistics that measures events occurring to all or part of a population during one period of time.
What is the FORMULA of RATIO?
of cases / # of cases
What is FORMULA OF RATE?
(# of cases / # of total cases) x 100
What is the FORMULA of PROPORTION?
( # of cases / # of total cases) x 100
What is VITAL STATISTICS?
defined as the branch of biometry that deals with data and the law of human mortality, morbidity, and demography.
What is CENSUS?
the total process of collecting, compiling, and publishing demographic, economic, and social data pertaining to a specific time, to all persons in a country or delimited territory.
ten years intervals.
What is DE FACTO CENSUS?
(in fact, whether by right or not) it is the method of listing all persons present in a household.
What is DE JURE CENSUS?
(by right) all persons who usually live in the household are listed on the form whether they are present there or not.
What is MODERN CENSUS?
each individual is enumerated separately, and the characteristics of each person are recorded separately.
What are the SOURCES OF POPULATION DATA?
- census
- sample registration survey
- registration of live events
- institutional records
What is HEALTH INDICATORS?
used when these changes cannot be measured directly. If measured sequentially over time they can indicate the direction and speed of change and serves to compare different areas and groups of people at the same time.
What is VALID?
actually measure what is supposed to measure.
What is RELIABLE?
the answers should be the same if measured by different people in a similar case.
What is SENSITIVE?
should be sensitive in the situation concerned.
What is SPECIFIC?
should reflect changes only in the situation concerned.
What is RELEVANT?
should contribute to the understanding of the phenomenon.
What is MORTALITY INDICATORS?
can be used for perinatal, neonatal, child maternal, and others.
crude death rate, cause-specific death rate, proportional mortality, death-to-case ratio, neonatal mortality rate, post-neonatal mortality rate, infant mortality rate, and maternal mortality rate.
What is the FORMULA of MORTALITY INDICATORS?
of deaths / total population x 100
only multiply it by 100 if it is to be expressed in percentage
What is MORBIDITY INDICATORS?
incidence/proportion/attack rate/ risk, secondary attack rate, incidence rate/person time rate, point prevalence, and period prevalence.
What is the FORMULA of MORBIDITY INDICATORS?
of case disease / total population x 100
only multiply it by 100 if it is to be expressed in percentage
What is DISABILITY RATE?
number of days of restricted activity, bed disability rate, work/days lost within a specific period
What are the PERSON TYPE INDICATOR under DISABILITY RATE?
- limitation of mobility
- limitation of activity
What is the NUTRITIONAL STATUS INDICATOR?
low birth weight, underweight (weight for age), stunting (height for age), total goiter age, iodized salt coverage, vitamin A deficiency, iron deficiency anemia (pregnant woman/ pre-school children)
HEALTHCARE DELIVERY INDICATORS
healthcare workers per 10,000 patients
physicians, nurses, midwives, dentists, pharmacists and (medical technologists/ clinical laboratory scientists)
What is UTILIZATION RATES?
a relationship exists between the utilization of health care services and health needs and status.
What is SOCIAL AND MENTAL HEALTH INDICATORS?
fatigue sleep impairment, GHQ score.
general health questionnaire consists of 12 items, each assessing the severity of a mental problem over the past few weeks using a 4 point scale (0 to 3)
What is ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS?
reflects the quality of physical and biological environment in which diseases occur in which people live.
What is SOCIO-ECONOMIC INDICATOR?
urban population (%), % living in formal dwelling, serious crime rate per 100,000, contribution to GDP (%), unemployment rate (%), gini index (for income inequality).
What is HEALTH POLICY INDICATORS?
policy on: physical environment and ecology; socio-economic environment; lifestyle, behavior and risk factors; genetic endowment; and health system.
What is QUALITY OF LIFE INDICATORS?
income and job, housing conditions, health, education, environmental quality, personal security, civic engagement, work-life balance, infrastructure and services, mobility, and culture and leisure.
