M3 U2 Biodiversity And Evolution

Question 0

A habitat

Answer 0

Is the place where an organism lives.

Question 1

A species

Answer 1

Is a group of individual organisms very similar in appearance, anatomy, physiology, biochemistry and genetics, whose members are able to interbreed freely to produce fertile offspring.

Question 2

Biodiversity

Answer 2

Is the variety of life- the range of living organisms to be found

Question 3

Random sampling

Answer 3

Means studying a small part of the habitat and assuming it contains a representative set of species that can be applied to the whole habitat. The sample sites must be chosen at random.

Question 4

Species richness

Answer 4

Is the number of species present in a habitat.

Question 5

Simpson’s diversity index

Answer 5

Is a formula used to measure the diversity of a habitat.

Question 6

Biological classification

Answer 6

Is the process of sorting living things into groups. Natural classification does this by grouping things according to how closely related they are. Natural classification reflects evolutionary relationships.

Question 7

Taxonomy

Answer 7

Is the study of the principles of classification.

Question 8

Phylogeny

Answer 8

Is the study of the evolutionary relationships between organisms.

Question 9

Prokaryotes

Answer 9

Have no nucleus.

Question 10

Protoctists.

Answer 10

Include all the organisms that don’t fit into the other four kingdoms. Many are single celled, but some are multicellular.

Question 11

Fungi

Answer 11

Are organisms that are mostly saprophytic. They consist of mycelium with walls made of chitin.

Question 12

Plants

Answer 12

Are multicellular organisms that gain their nutrition from photosynthesis.

Question 13

Animals

Answer 13

Are heterotrophic multicellular eukaryotes.

Question 14

The binomial system

Answer 14

Uses two names to identify each species: the genus name and the species name.

Question 15

A dichotomous key

Answer 15

Uses a series of questions with two alternative answers to help you identify a specimen.

Question 16

Variation

Answer 16

Is the presence of variety- of differences between individuals.

Question 17

Genetic variation

Answer 17

Is caused by differences between the genes and the combination of genes or alleles.

Question 18

Continuous variation

Answer 18

Is variation in which there is a full range of intermediate phenotypes between two extremes.

Question 19

Discontinuous variation

Answer 19

Is variation in which there are discrete groups of phenotypes with no or very few individuals in between.

Question 20

An adaption

Answer 20

Is a feature that enhances survival and long term reproductive success.

Question 21

Xerophytic plants

Answer 21

Are adapted to living in very dry conditions.

Question 22

Natural selection

Answer 22

Is the ‘selection’ by the environment of particular individuals that show certain variations. These individuals will survive to reproduce and pass in their variations to the next generation.

Question 23

Speciation

Answer 23

Is the formation of new species.

Question 24

Extinction

Answer 24

Is when a species ceases to exist.

Question 25

Conservation in situ

Answer 25

Means conserving a species in its normal environment.

Question 26

Conservation ex situ

Answer 26

Means conserving an endangered species by activities that take place outside its normal environment.

Question 27

Environmental impact assessment (EIA)

Answer 27

Is a procedure to assess the likely significant effects that a proposed development may have on the environment.